The Relationship Between the Opal Precipitation and the Key Metal Mineralization: A Review
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摘要: 铍、铯、铀等关键金属是支撑高新技术产业与尖端国防科技发展的战略性金属资源，其矿床的成因机制研究一直备受各国学者关注。研究发现，在一些关键金属矿床中均发育有蛋白石矿物，且蛋白石的形成与Be、Cs、U等金属元素的富集密切相关。这些关键金属的富集机制与蛋白石的成因、多相转化以及蛋白石中的微生物作用息息相关，这种关系主要表现在：（1）蛋白石成因与结晶相转化机制控制着关键金属元素的赋存形式、迁移机制与沉淀机制；（2）含铀蛋白石的年代学与硅氧同位素可以示踪关键金属成矿时代与沉淀的物理化学环境；（3）蛋白石中的微生物群落可以为关键金属元素的富集提供合适的氧化还原环境。蛋白石的矿物学、地球化学及其中的微生物成矿作用可以厘定关键金属矿床的成矿时代，示踪关键金属矿床的成矿物质来源，探讨关键金属矿床的成因机制。未来关键金属矿床中蛋白石的研究可以为低温环境下关键金属的富集成矿提供重要的科学依据。Abstract: Key metals such as beryllium, cesium and uranium are strategic metal resources that support the development of high-tech industry and cutting-edge national defense science and technology. It is found that the formation of opal in key metal deposits is closely related to the enrichment of Be, Cs, U and other metal elements, and the enrichment mechanism of these key metals is closely related to the genesis of opal, polyphase transformation and microbial action in opal, which are mainly manifested in: (1) Opal origin and crystal phase transformation mechanism control the occurrence form, migration mechanism and precipitation mechanism of key metal elements; (2) The chronology and Si-O isotope of uraniferous opal can trace the metallogenic age of key metals and the physical and chemical environment of precipitation; (3) Microorganisms in opal can provide a suitable oxidation-reduction environment for the enrichment of key metal elements. The mineralogy, geochemistry and microbial mineralization of opal indicate that the genesis of opal has important scientific significance for revealing the ore-forming age of key metal deposits, tracing the source of ore-forming materials of key metal deposits, exploring the genetic mechanism of key metal deposits, and establishing the ore-forming model of key metal deposits. Opal as a tracer mineral would play an increasingly important role in the study of key metal deposits.
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Key words:
- opal /
- key metal /
- metallogenic mechanism /
- microbial mineralization
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