先存构造对大陆裂谷演化的构造继承性作用

邹耀遥; 李堃; 沈传波; 刘飞; 王亮

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0013.2024.04.001

先存构造对大陆裂谷演化的构造继承性作用

1.
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心（中南地质科技创新中心），湖北武汉 430205

2.
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心，湖北武汉 430205

3.
中国地质大学构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074

4.
中国地震局地球物理勘探中心，河南郑州 450002

基金项目: 中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20240062）、国家留学基金委资助项目（202106410031）、十三五国家科技重大专项子课题（2017ZX05032-002-004）

详细信息

作者简介: 邹耀遥（1995—），男，博士，工程师，从事盆地构造和矿田构造研究，E-mail：zouyaoyaogeo@163.com

中图分类号: P541

收稿日期: 2024-09-25

修回日期: 2024-10-08

刊出日期: 2024-12-20

The Structural Inheritance of Pre-existing Structure on the Evolution of Continental Rifts

1.
Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey (Geosciences Innovation Center of Central South China), Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China

2.
Research Center for Petrogenesis and Mineralization of Granitoid Rocks, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China

3.
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

4.
Geophysical Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China

Received Date: 25 September 2024

Revised Date: 08 October 2024

Publish Date: 20 December 2024

摘要

摘要:
大陆岩石圈在多期次构造活动中形成了不同尺度、不同类型的先存构造，这些先存构造对晚期大陆裂谷的构造继承性作用深刻地影响了裂谷盆地的演化过程，塑造了裂谷的结构及相关断层的几何特征。如何准确地揭示先存构造对大陆裂谷的构造继承性影响，是裂谷盆地构造研究中的热点和难点。针对这一科学问题，本文基于前人研究成果，简要介绍了大陆裂谷盆地中岩石圈尺度和上地壳尺度的先存构造类型，以及野外地质调查、卫星遥感图像识别、地球物理资料解译等识别先存构造的主要技术方法，重点介绍了先存构造的“再活化”和“应变/应力重定向”这两类主要的构造继承性作用机制，以及其诱发的断层平面、剖面模式，阐释了先存构造的空间展布、深度和规模是决定其影响强弱的重要因素。重点展现了构造物理/数值模拟实验在先存构造-裂谷演化研究中的近期成果，讨论了模拟实验在先存构造活化机制研究和对裂谷演化影响研究中的应用前景。最后探讨了当前研究中存在的局限性，认为构建不同类型先存构造的地表-地下识别标准，开展先存构造与晚期裂谷结构的三维精细刻画和空间叠置特征研究，以及加强构造物理模拟和数值模拟的相互印证将是未来的重点研究方向。
- 先存构造 /
- 裂谷盆地 /
- 构造继承性 /
- 构造物理/数值模拟实验
Abstract:
Pre-existing structures of different scales and types have formed in continental lithosphere during multiple-stages tectonic activity, the structural inheritance of which profoundly influenced the evolution of the continental rift basins, and shaped the architecture of rifts and the geometry of rift-related faults. How to accurately reveal the influence of pre-existing structures on the continental rift has always been a challenge in the tectonics and structural study of rift basins. Focusing on this problem, this paper briefly introduces the types of pre-existing structures at the lithospheric scale and the upper crustal scale in the continental rift basin based on previous study, as well as the main identification techniques including field geological survey, satellite remote sensing image recognition, geophysical data interpretation etc. The two main structural inheritance mechanisms, “reactivation” and “strain/stress re-orientation” of pre-existing structures are introduced, as well as the atypical fault pattern in both plane and cross-section view caused by them, and the spatial distribution, depth and scale of pre-existing structures are important factors that determine the strength of their influence. Specially, recent results of structural analogue/numerical modeling experiments of pre-existing structures versus rift evolution are presented and reviewed. The application prospect of modeling experiments in the study of the activation mechanism of pre-existing structures and the influence on rift evolution is discussed. Finally, the limitations of the current research is discussed, as well as some key research direction in the future, including the construction of surface-subsurface identification standards for different types of pre-existing structures, the 3D fine characterization and spatial superposition characteristics of pre-existing structures and rift structures, and the mutual corroboration of analogue and numerical modeling.
- pre-existing structures /
- rift basins /
- structural inheritance /
- structural analogue/numerical modeling experiments

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图 1 裂谷盆地中主要的构造要素及先存构造类型

Figure 1.

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图 2 裂谷盆地中不同尺度的先存构造识别

Figure 2.

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图 3 先存构造对伸展断层的两种影响机制

Figure 3.

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图 4 先存构造的两种构造继承性机制及在平面和剖面上的主要构造特征

Figure 4.

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图 5 先存构造的影响随着上覆沉积地层厚度的增加在逐渐减弱

Figure 5.

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图 6 裂谷盆地中先存断层再活化的湿粘土物理模拟实验结果

Figure 6.

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图 7 裂谷盆地中的先存剪切带对晚期裂谷断层影响的物理模拟实验

Figure 7.

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图 8 先存断层活化的三维离散元数值模拟实验

Figure 8.

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表 1 全球大陆裂谷中主要的先存构造类型

Table 1. The main types of pre-existing structures in global continental rifts

类型	尺度	主要影响	自然实例
薄弱带	岩石圈	控制裂谷位置和整体结构	加利福尼亚大盆地（Dunbar and Sawyer，1988），埃塞俄比亚主裂谷（Corti，2008；Agostini et al.，2011），琼东南盆地（王真真等，2021；Yang G X et al.，2022）
板块缝合带		控制裂谷位置和整体结构	贝加尔湖裂谷（Corti et al.，2011）
深大剪切带		中止或者分割裂谷	东非Aswa剪切带（Morley，1999a）
地幔柱		控制裂谷的主动演化	东非超级地幔柱（Celli et al.，2020）
热点构造		影响裂谷结构及断层属性	Rukwa裂谷（Hodgson et al.，2017；Heilman et al.，2019）
地质体接触面	上地壳	影响裂谷相关断层的几何形态，使裂谷结构复杂化	Rukwa裂谷（Kolawole et al.，2021b）
剪切带及内部变质组构			Tanganyika裂谷（Shaban et al.，2023），Rukwa裂谷（Heilman et al.，2019），Malawi裂谷（Dawson et al.，2018），Magadi裂谷（Muirhead and Kattenhorn，2018），北海裂谷盆地（Osagiede et al.，2020）
先存断层/断裂带			阿根廷Colorado盆地（Lovecchio et al.，2018），北海裂谷盆地（Whipp et al.，2014；Duffy et al.，2015；Deng C et al.，2017a），Turkana凹陷（Wang L et al.，2021），珠江口盆地（Ye Q et al.，2020），海拉尔盆地（刘恒麟等，2022）、苏北盆地（束宁凯等，2017），渤海湾盆地（漆家福等，2008；詹润和朱光，2012；任健等，2019；刘露等，2022）
基底面理/线理			Albertine裂谷（Katumwehe et al.，2015）

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先存构造对大陆裂谷演化的构造继承性作用

作者简介: 邹耀遥（1995—），男，博士，工程师，从事盆地构造和矿田构造研究，E-mail：zouyaoyaogeo@163.com

The Structural Inheritance of Pre-existing Structure on the Evolution of Continental Rifts

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