Development Characteristics and Mechanism of Slope Geological Hazards Controlled by Two Typical Strata in Eastern Dongting Basin
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摘要:
洞庭湖地区是长江经济带重要的生态环境敏感区，在极端降雨频发的背景下，查明区内极易受极端降雨影响的滑坡崩塌地质灾害发育特征及成灾机理，对于区内该类地质灾害的预防治理至关重要。在洞庭湖东缘，通过详细的野外调查，查明了地质灾害的主要类型、规模和分布特征。地质灾害以崩塌、滑坡等斜坡类为主，规模上以小微型为主，多发育于人工切坡所形成的高陡边坡。通过对发育最广的崩塌灾害的地质背景、地貌和发育特征分析，发现灾害主要受控于地层，即洞庭湖组和汨罗组，诱发因素主要是工程开挖和降水，但两个组的崩塌有不同的成灾机理。洞庭湖组岩性以网纹红土为主，发育垂直节理，经过反复的降水干湿变化作用，节理变成裂隙，裂隙不断扩大，在边坡形成倾倒式崩塌。汨罗组岩性由砾石、砂、粉砂和黏土等组成，砂砾层为含水层，在降水作用下，边坡含水层中的粉砂、黏土等细粒成分不断被带走，极易发生淘洗式垮塌。在明确了灾害形成机理的基础上，提出了该地区此类地质灾害的防治措施。
Abstract:The Dongting Lake area is an important ecologically sensitive area in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. It is very important to identify the development characteristics and disaster mechanism of landslide and collapse geological disasters which are easily affected by frequent extreme rainfall in the region. In the eastern margin of Dongting Lake, the main types, scale and distribution characteristics of geological hazards have been identified through detailed field investigation. The geological hazards are collapse and landslide, small and micro in scale, mostly developed in high and steep slopes formed by artificial cutting. Through the analysis of geology, topography and development characteristics of the most widely developed collapse disasters, it is found that the disasters are mainly controlled by geological strata, namely the Dongtinghu Formation and Miluo Formation, and the triggering factors are mainly engineering excavation and precipitation. However there are different disaster mechanisms in the collapses developed in the two formations. The lithology of Dongtinghu Formation is dominated by reticulated red clay, and vertical joints are developed. After repeated drying and wetting of precipitation, the joints become fractures, and the fractures continue to expand, resulting in toppling collapse on the slope. But the lithology of Miluo Formation is composed of gravel, sand, silt and clay, and the gravel layer is an aquifer. Under the action of precipitation, the fine components of silt and clay in the slope aquifer are constantly taken away, resulting in washing collapse. On the basis of clarifying the mechanism of the disaster, the prevention and control measures of this kind of geological disaster in this area are proposed.
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Key words:
- collapse /
- Dongtinghu Formation /
- Miluo Formation /
- high and steep slopes /
- disaster mechanism /
- preventive measures /
- Dongting Lake
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