The Formation and Evolution of the Huangling Basement in the Yangtze Craton, South China
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摘要:
扬子克拉通北缘的黄陵背斜核部出露的太古宙-元古宙杂岩，构成扬子克拉通黄陵基底，是研究扬子克拉通的最重要窗口。黄陵基底的组成主要包括太古宙花岗片麻岩和斜长角闪岩为主组成的陆核；古元古代孔兹岩系构成的高级地体；以及之后形成的新元古代蛇绿混杂岩、花岗岩类和基性岩脉等，是8期岩浆事件（3.2～3.0 Ga、3.0～2.8 Ga、2.8～2.6 Ga、2.3～2.2 Ga、1.85 Ga、1.0～0.97 Ga、086～0.79 Ga、0.77～0.75 Ga）、2期角闪岩相构造-热事件（2.6～2.5 Ga、2.0～1.9 Ga）和克拉通化事件等共同作用的结果。黄陵基底的形成和演化过程，经历了“水月寺运动”、“兴山运动”和“晋宁运动”的塑造和改造，并对Kenorland、Columbia和Rodinia超大陆的聚合与裂解均有响应。
Abstract:The Huangling basement, located within the Huangling dome on the northern margin of the Yangtze craton, represents the most extensive and highest-grade exposure of the Archean-Proterozoic metamorphic complex in the region. Hence, it provides an excellent opportunity for examining the formation and evolution of the Yangtze craton. The Huangling basement mainly consists of an Anchean continental nucleus of granitic gneisses and amphibolites, a Paleoproterozoic high-grade terrane sonsisting of khondalite series, and Neoproterozoic intrusive units including ophiolitic mélange, granitoid and diabase dikes, etc. It is the result of the combined effects of eight magmatic episodes (3.2～3.0 Ga, 3.0～2.8 Ga, 2.8～2.6 Ga, 2.3～2.2 Ga, 1.85 Ga, 1.0～0.97 Ga, 0.86～0.79 Ga, 0.77～0.75 Ga), two-stage amphibolite facies tectono-thermal metamorphism (2.6～2.5 Ga、2.0～1.9 Ga), and cratonization events. The formation and evolution of the Huangling basement were shaped by the “Shuiyuesit Movement”, “Xingshan Movement” and "Jinning Movement”, while recording the response to the amalgamation and break-up of the Kenorland, Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.
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表 1 扬子克拉通约2.5 Ga锆石U-Pb年龄信息
Table 1. Zircon U-Pb age of about 2.5 Ga from the Yangtze craton
构造
单元采样位位置或
岩石单元岩石类型 锆石成因
或来源207Pb / 206 Pb年龄（Ma） 数据来源 黄
陵
陆
核水月寺 辉绿岩脉 变质锆石 2466 ±66，2557 ±27魏君奇等，2009；
赵敏等，2012殷家坪 辉绿岩脉 变质锆石 2517 ±94Wei J Q et al., 2020 野马洞 斜长角闪岩 变质锆石 2558 ±40，2583 ±240魏君奇和王建雄，2012；
Wei J Q et al., 2020南华系、震旦系 碎屑岩类 碎屑锆石 2490 峰值Liu X M et al., 2008 南
秦
岭
构
造
带鱼洞子杂岩 磁铁石英岩 变质锆石 2555 ±24王洪亮等，2011 黑云斜长片麻岩 岩浆锆石 2448 ±8Hui B et al., 2017 花岗片麻岩 岩浆锆石 2471 ±23，2477 ±18，2516 ±49Hui B et al., 2017；
Chen Q et al., 2019TTG片麻岩 变质锆石 2488 ±50，2501 ±29，2503 ±35，2513 ±38Chen Q et al., 2019 陡岭杂岩 TTG片麻岩 岩浆锆石 2469 ±22，2479 ±12，2496 ±25，2497 ±212501 ±17，2509 ±14，2516 ±22胡娟等，2013；
Wu Y B et al., 2014变质锆石 2460 ±21胡娟等，2013 黑云斜长片麻岩 碎屑锆石 2480 峰值胡娟等，2013 碧口地体 横丹群浊积岩 碎屑锆石 2492 ±26Sun W H et al., 2009 龙草坪杂岩 TTG片麻岩 岩浆锆石 2503 ±40,2506 ±24李亚林等，2000 武当群 石英砂岩 碎屑锆石 2555 凌文黎等，2010 神农架
地块神农架群 硅质白云岩 碎屑锆石 2471 ±4，2472 ±19，2491 ±4，2498 ±4，2509 ±122527 ±13，2534 ±4，2544 ±13，2546 ±16李怀坤等，2013 大别
地块南黄杂岩 TTG片麻岩 岩浆锆石 2493 ±19涂荫玖等，2001 潜山县双河 榴辉岩 变质锆石 2489 ±25陈道公等，2002 康
滇
古
陆康定杂岩 花岗片麻岩 残留锆石 2468 ±11陈岳龙等，2004 会理群 粗粒砂岩 碎屑锆石 2494 ±26Sun W H et al., 2009 盐边群 砂岩 碎屑锆石 2551 ±31，2456 ±46，2496 ±18Sun W H et al., 2009；
Chen Q et al., 2016澄江组 紫色砂岩 碎屑锆石 2447 ±28，2478 ±23，2558 ±25Wang L J et al., 2012 陡山沱组 砂岩 碎屑锆石 2492 ±22Wang L J et al., 2012 昆阳群 砂岩 碎屑锆石 2446 ±29，2526 ±37Wang L J et al., 2012 大红山群 石英黑云母片岩 碎屑锆石 2571 Greentree and Li Z X, 2008 东川群 石英岩、千枚岩 碎屑锆石 2500 峰值Li H K et al., 2013 角砾岩、砂岩 碎屑锆石 2439 ±32，2457 ±30，2462 ±2，2491 ±29，2491 ±27Zhao X F et al., 2010 江
南
古
陆下江群 砂岩 碎屑锆石 2476 ±27，2498 ±24，2499 ±24Wang L J et al., 2010 贵州镇远 煌斑岩 捕获锆石 2576 ±9Zheng J P et al., 2006 板溪群 凝灰质砂岩 碎屑锆石 2477 ±34，2484 ±7，2503 ±3Wang X C et al., 2012 丹洲群 粉砂岩 碎屑锆石 2535 ±21Wang X C et al., 2012 沧水铺群 安山质火山岩 碎屑锆石 2495 ±27Zhang Y Z et al., 2015 高涧群 变玄武岩 捕获锆石 2524 ±80甘晓春等,1996 宁乡火山岩 煌斑岩 捕获锆石 2485 ±8，2487 ±8，2492 ±8，2525 ±7Zheng J P et al., 2006 南华系 沉凝灰岩 碎屑锆石 2457 ±64尹崇玉等，2003 双桥山群 石英砂岩、板岩 碎屑锆石 2495 ±45，2498 ±71，2510 ±33，2530 ±34，2545 ±38Zhao J H et al., 2011 梵净山群 火山岩 捕获锆石 2526 ±6Zhao J H et al., 2011 砂岩、片岩 碎屑锆石 2466 ±25，2470 ±32，2474 ±22，2483 ±13，2487 ±162491 ±29，2494 ±24，2496 ±23，2496 ±29，2497 ±72499 ±21，2503 ±45，2521 ±7，2527 ±34，2535 ±26Wang L J et al., 2010；
Zhao J H et al., 2011冷家溪群 砂岩、千枚岩 碎屑锆石 2496 ±24，2503 ±19Zhao J H et al., 2011 变玄武岩 捕获锆石 2530 ±22甘晓春等,1996 
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