Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Rare Earth in a Tin Ore Area of Hunan Province
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摘要:
为科学评价矿区土壤稀土空间分布与风险，本文采集某锡矿区表层土壤样品141件、柱状土壤样品3组30件，分析测定14种稀土元素含量；采用单项污染指数、地累积指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、潜在生态风险指数等方法对其进行系统研究。结果表明：(1) 全部样品14种稀土元素均值全部超出湖南省土壤背景值；其地累积指数(Igeo)从大到小依次为：Tm(0.468)>Pr(0.420)>Tb(0.403)>Nd(0.377)>Dy(0.320)>Sm(0.317)>Ho(0.267)>Yb(0.157)>Er(0.150)>Eu(0.117)>Lu(0.112)> Gd(0.051) >La(0.021)>Ce(−0.159)，均属无污染范畴；内梅罗综合污染指数(PN)显示全部样品综合污染指数集中于0.29~8.96，平均2.48，以轻度污染为主；(2) 潜在生态风险因子($ {\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}} $)占比表明，La、Ce、Yb，Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dy、Er，Tb、Ho、Tm样本轻微生态风险占比分别为100%、>90%和>84.8%；潜在生态风险指数(RI)为25.43~1904，平均199.44；处于中度生态风险水平；(3) ΣREE、LREE、PN及RI的空间变化规律一致，证实区内表层土壤稀土富集主要受花岗岩风化作用和水文条件控制，而矿业开发对其影响有限。总之，区内土壤稀土污染和生态风险均很低，处于安全可控状态。
Abstract:To evaluate the spatial distribution and risk of rare earth in mining soil, in this paper, 141 pieces of surface soil and three sets of 30 pieces of columnar soil were collected from a tin mining area, and then 14 kinds of rare earth elements content of these samples were analyzed and determined. It was systematically studied by single pollution index, the geo-accumulation index , Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that: (1) the average values of 14 rare earth elements in all the samples exceeded the soil background values in Hunan Province; The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) in descending order is: Tm (0.468)>Pr (0.420)>Tb (0.403)>Nd (0.377)>Dy (0.320)>Sm (0.317)>Ho (0.267)>Yb (0.157)>Er (0.150)>Eu (0.117)>Lu (0.112)>the Gd (0.051)>La (0.02)>Ce (−0.159), indicating they are pollution-free; The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN) showed that the comprehensive pollution index of all samples was concentrated in 0.29~8.96, with an average of 2.48, suggesting they are mainly light polluted; (2) As for the proportion of potential ecological risk factors ($ {\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}} $), the proportion of minor ecological risk of three groups of La-Ce-Yb, Pr-Nd-Sm-Eu-Gd-Dy-Er and Tb-Ho-Tm in samples were 100%, >90% and >84.8%, respectively. Potential ecological risk index (RI) ranges from 25.43 to 1904, with an average of 199.44, which means the soil is in a moderate ecological risk; (3) ΣREE, LREE, PN and RI have the same spatial variation law. It is confirmed that the accumulation of rare earth in the surface soil is mainly controlled by granite weathering and hydrological conditions, and the mining development has limited influence on it. In short, the light soil rare earth pollution and little ecological risk in the area are safe and controllable.
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Key words:
- soil rare earth /
- spatial distribution /
- risk assessment /
- environmental geology /
- tin ore /
- Hunan
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表 1 研究区土壤稀土含量(×10−6)与指标统计
Table 1. Soil rare earth content(×10−6) and index statistics in the study area
元素 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 含量 最大值 519 396 192 776 128 26.5 95.9 15.4 88.7 13 36.7 5.72 35.3 5.21 最小值 6.86 5.99 1.7 6.63 1.27 0.22 1.29 0.19 1.25 0.23 0.71 0.1 0.58 0.087 平均值 73.99 122.50 16.61 60.03 10.75 1.74 10.42 1.51 9.18 1.67 4.77 0.78 4.63 0.68 标准偏差 64.22 77.15 18.29 67.29 11.62 2.24 9.37 1.45 8.33 1.32 3.63 0.57 3.41 0.50 变异系数 0.87 0.63 1.10 1.12 1.08 1.29 0.90 0.96 0.91 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.74 0.73 湖南省土壤背景值 37.4 73.9 6.26 23.8 4.37 0.82 5.36 0.6 3.97 0.77 2.42 0.32 2.36 0.36 中国土壤背景值 39.7 68.4 7.17 24.4 5.22 1.03 4.6 0.63 4.13 0.87 2.5 0.37 2.44 0.36 Pi 最大值 13.88 5.36 30.67 32.61 29.29 32.32 17.89 25.67 22.34 16.88 15.17 17.88 14.96 14.47 最小值 0.18 0.08 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.31 0.25 0.24 平均值 1.98 1.66 2.65 2.52 2.46 2.12 1.94 2.51 2.31 2.17 1.97 2.44 1.96 1.89 标准偏差 1.72 1.04 2.92 2.83 2.66 2.73 1.75 2.42 2.10 1.72 1.50 1.77 1.44 1.38 变异系数 0.87 0.63 1.10 1.12 1.08 1.29 0.90 0.96 0.91 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.74 0.73 Igeo 最大值 3.21 1.84 4.35 4.44 4.29 4.43 3.58 4.10 3.90 3.49 3.34 3.57 3.32 3.27 最小值 −3.03 −4.21 −2.47 −2.43 −2.37 −2.48 −2.64 −2.24 −2.25 −2.33 −2.35 −2.26 −2.61 −2.63 平均值 0.02 −0.16 0.42 0.38 0.32 0.12 0.05 0.40 0.32 0.27 0.15 0.47 0.16 0.11 标准偏差 1.01 1.03 0.99 0.96 1.00 0.92 0.91 0.93 0.88 0.83 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.77 变异系数 47.39 −6.45 2.36 2.54 3.14 7.90 17.77 2.30 2.74 3.11 5.34 1.69 5.01 6.92 $ {\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}} $ 最大值 13.88 5.36 153.4 65.21 146.5 323.2 89.46 256.7 111.7 168.8 75.83 178.8 29.92 289.4 最小值 0.18 0.08 1.36 0.56 1.45 2.68 1.20 3.17 1.57 2.99 1.47 3.13 0.49 4.83 平均值 1.98 1.66 13.27 5.04 12.30 21.16 9.72 25.11 11.56 21.70 9.86 24.37 3.92 37.80 标准偏差 1.72 1.04 14.61 5.65 13.30 27.33 8.74 24.20 10.49 17.19 7.50 17.73 2.89 27.51 变异系数 0.87 0.63 1.10 1.12 1.08 1.29 0.90 0.96 0.91 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.74 0.73 
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表 2 研究区土壤稀土地球化学参数
Table 2. Rare earth geochemical parameters of soil in the study area
地化指标 ΣREE（×10−6） LREE（×10−6） HREE（×10−6） LREE/HREE LaN/YbN δEu δCe 最大值 2062 1767 295.9 12.40 21.72 0.73 2.42 最小值 29.33 24.89 4.44 4.51 6.34 0.16 0.10 平均数 319.3 285.6 33.64 8.61 10.75 0.52 1.01 标准偏差 237.7 211.3 28.44 1.88 3.16 0.14 0.40 变异系数 0.74 0.74 0.85 0.22 0.29 0.26 0.40 湖南省土壤背景值 181.10 144.55 38.04 中国土壤背景值 184.72 145.92 38.80
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