摘要:
戴村位于江西省乐平市东乐安江边, 因受上游德兴铜矿、银山多金属矿和金山金矿等矿床的影响,从而成为我国十大癌症村之一.本文通过对戴村的一、二级阶地(T1、T2)土壤、地表水、地下水、小白菜样品中的重金属含量和pH值进行测定, 发现仅T1近河处土壤As、Cd的单因子污染指数(As分别为1.213、1.473, Cd为1.98)达到轻度污染, T2土壤元素单因子指数(<0.7)和内梅洛综合指数(<1)均属于安全范围, 土壤整体 pH 值为4.38~5.7, 低于国家标准(>6.5), 土壤中重金属含量及其累积速率总体呈现随着与河流距离的增加而含量逐渐减小的趋势; 地表水与地下水水质安全; 小白菜Cu、As、Pb、Cd、Hg超标率依次为6.7%、86.7%、100%、100%、100%, 且小白菜对 Cd 的富集倍数较高(范围为1.03~4.88); 居民重金属的非致癌风险指数为0.137, 非致癌健康危害不显著但仍具较大的潜在危害, 致癌风险值为1.65×10–4, 为不可接受风险; 针对河流上游矿山、农作物种植、居民生活习惯三方面提出污染防治建议.
关键词:
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酸性废水
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重金属
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阶地
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戴村
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德兴矿集区
Abstract:
Daicun village is located in Leping City, Jiangxi Province, on the bank of the Le'an River. Due to the impact of Dexing copper mine, Yinshan polymetallic ore deposit, Jinshan gold deposit and other deposits which lie on the upper reaches of the Le'an River, Daicun village has become one of China's top ten cancer villages. In this paper, the content of heavy metals and pH in samples of soils, surface water, groundwater and cabbage were measured in the first and second terraces (T1, T2) of Daicun village. It was found that the soil of T1 was contaminated by As and Cd at a low degree (the single factor index of As was 1.213, 1.473 respectively, that of Cd was 1.98) partly, and the single factor indexes (< 0.7) and the Nemero comprehensive pollution indexes (< 1) of the T2 soil element belonged to the safety range, the pH values of the whole soil were found in the range of 4.38~5.7, low than the national standard (> 6.5). The content of heavy metals in the soil and its accumulation rate showed a decreasing trend with the increasing distance from the river. The quality of surface water and groundwater was safe. The values of Cu, As, Pb, Cd and Hg in cabbage were 6.7%, 86.7%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively, and the enrichment of Cd was higher in cabbage (between 1.03 and 4.88). The local non-carcinogenic risk index of the heavy metal was 0.137, the non-carcinogenic health hazard was not significant but still had the potential harm, the carcinogenic risk value was 1.65×10–4, which was an unacceptable risk. The authors put forward some suggestions for pollution prevention and control in the aspects of the upstream mine, the crop cultivation and the residents' living habits.
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