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摘要: 中国高岭土矿产资源丰富, 矿床类型齐全且分布广泛, 是一种重要的战略性非金属矿产。前人对高岭土矿床研究、地质勘查和资源开发利用都做了大量工作, 积累了丰富资料, 但缺少对高岭土矿床成矿和时空分布规律系统性的分析。本文在前人研究和对全国现有高岭土矿床和地质勘查资料系统分析基础上, 选取了有代表性且数据比较齐全的 521个高岭土矿床, 以 GIS空间分析为手段, 详细研究了中国高岭土矿床的空间分布特点, 绘制了中国高岭土成矿区带分布图, 分析了中国高岭土矿床时空分布规律, 为矿产资源空间分析建模和高岭土资源潜力评价提供了理论方法和依据。研究结果表明, 中国高岭土矿床成因类型以风化型和沉积型为主, 成矿时代以中、新生代最为重要; 高岭土矿床集中分布在广东、广西、福建、陕西、江西、江苏等 6省份; 其中风化型高岭土矿床主要分布在华南地区, 沉积型高岭土矿床以华北地区为主。在找矿方向上, 南方易寻找风化残积亚型高岭土, 北方宜寻找煤系沉积亚型高岭土; 而热液蚀变型高岭土矿床有由南向北逐渐增多的趋势, 寻找这类矿床可适当往北转移。Abstract: Kaolin is an important strategic industrial mineral that is abundantly and fully ranged in categories and widely distributed in China.Previous researchers have made great efforts to investigate the cause of formation of the kaolin deposit and to conduct geological survey and exploration for development and utilization of kaolin resources, in which huge quantities of data have been accumulated, but these data lack a systematically and accurately quantitative analysis and conclusion towards mineralization and temporal-spatial distribution regularities of kaolin deposits.On the basis of previous studies and systematic analysis of the existing kaolin deposits and geological exploration data in China, the authors selected 521 representative kaolin deposits with relatively complete data, studied the spatial distribution characteristics of China's kaolin deposits in detail by means of GIS spatial analysis, drew the distribution map of China's kaolin metallogenic belt, and analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of China's kaolin deposits.The results provide a theoretical method and basis for spatial analysis and modeling of mineral resources and evaluation of kaolin resource potential.It is shown that the genetic types of the deposits in China are mainly weathering type and sedimentary type, and the most important metallogenic epochs occurred in Mesozoic and Cenozoic.Kaolin deposits are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Jiangxi and Jiangsu, the weathering type kaolin deposits are mainly distributed in South China, and the sedimentary type kaolin deposits are mainly distributed in North China.In terms of prospecting direction, the weathering residual sub-type kaolin deposits are easy to be found in South China, and the coal-bearing sedimentary sub-type kaolin deposits should be found in North China.There exists a tendency that hydrothermal alteration kaolin deposits are gradually increasing from South China towards North China, thus the prospecting for hydrothermal alteration kaolin deposits could be transferred towards North China accordingly.
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Key words:
- kaolin /
- type of deposits /
- spatial analysis /
- mineralization disciplines /
- industrial minerals /
- strategic minerals
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