Lamproites: The Main Carrier of High-quality Diamond and the Marker of the Activity of Mantle Source Fluids
-
摘要: 钾镁煌斑岩是一类较为特殊的火山成因或浅成的超基性岩, 是一种重要的深源岩石, 是深源岩浆活动的标志性产物, 可作为了解地幔信息的窗口, 也作为继金伯利岩之后的另一种金刚石寄主岩被持续关注。全球最优质的金刚石产于钾镁煌斑岩中, 主要分布于西澳阿盖尔等地。中国钾镁煌斑岩主要分布于黔湘一带、山西饮牛沟、山东大井头、湖北大洪山和西昆仑克里阳地区, 综合分析认为, 钾镁煌斑岩主要分布于深大断裂附近, 中国钾镁煌斑岩受江南台隆西缘的都匀—贵阳—铜仁—怀化深断裂、常德—安仁深断裂以及郯庐断裂带等深大断裂带控制; 贵州镇远马坪、湖南宁乡云影窝、山东平邑大井头等钾镁煌斑岩有原生金刚石产出, 钾镁煌斑岩的金刚石成矿潜力仍然有待深入研究, 尤以湘黔钾镁煌斑岩带、郯庐断裂带大井头等地可望突破。钾镁煌斑岩的标志性矿物有富钛贫铝金云母、钾碱镁闪石、镁橄榄石、镁铝榴石、铬尖晶石、铬铁矿等。其中 S1、S2组贫铝富镁铬铁矿对钾镁煌斑岩中金刚石的形成有指示意义。中国钾镁煌斑岩活动具多期性, 其中晚侏罗世—早白垩世(147—100 Ma)时期属于中国含金刚石钾镁煌斑岩和相关的金-稀土等金属矿产的重要成矿时期。Abstract: Being a special volcanogenic or ultrabasic rock, lamproite is an important deep source rock and a symbolic product of the deep-seated magmatic activity.It can be used as a window to understand the mantle and as another kind of diamond host rock after kimberlite, which has been extensively studied.Globally, lamproites host some of the best diamonds, such as Argyle in western Australia.Lamproites in China are mainly distributed in Hunan, Guizhou, Yinniugou, Shanxi, Dajingtou, Shandong, Dahongshan, Hubei, and Keliyang in the western Kunlun Mountains.Comprehensive analysis has shown that lamproite is mainly distributed near the deep, large faults.Lamproites in China are contained in the Duyun–Guiyang–Tongren–Huaihua deep fault on the western margin of Jiangnan anteclise, the Changde–Anren deep fault, and the Tanlu fault zone.Primary diamonds are found in the lamproites in Maping, Zhenyuan, Guizhou, Yunyingwo, Ningxiang, Hunan, Dajingtou, Pingyi, and Shandong.The potential of lamproites in diamond mineralization needs to be further studied, especially the lamproite belts in Hunan-Guizhou and Tan–Lu Fault.The indicator minerals of lamproite are titanium-rich aluminum-poor phlogopite, potassic richterite, magnesite olivine, pyrope, chrome-spinel, chromite, etc.The chromite groups S1 and S2 which are aluminum-poor and magnesium-rich is indicative of the formation of diamond in lamproite.The activity of lamproite in China is multi-stage, among which the stage of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (147–100 Ma) belongs to the important metallogenic period of diamond-bearing lamproite and related Au-rare earth element minerals in China.
-
Key words:
- lamproite /
- diamond /
- iconic minerals /
- Guizhou–Hunan lamproite belt /
- deep exploration
-
-
蔡逸涛, 徐敏成, 施建斌, 杨献忠, 张洁, 康丛轩, 曹正琦, 董钟斗, 马玉广.2019.安徽栏杆含金刚石基性岩中辉石及钛铁矿矿物化学特征[J].地质通报, 38(1): 1-13.
柴凤梅.2001.塔里木地台西南缘钾镁煌斑岩岩石学特征及含矿性研究[D].乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学.
陈汉林, 杨树锋, 厉子龙, 余星, 罗俊成, 何光玉, 林秀斌, 王清华.2009.塔里木盆地二叠纪大火成岩省发育的时空特点[J].新疆石油地质, 30(2): 179-182.
池际尚, 路凤香, 刘永顺, 胡士杰, 赵崇贺, 叶德隆, 郑建平, 赵磊, 张宏福, 江万.1996.中国原生金刚石-成矿地质条件研究[M].武汉: 中国地质大学出版社
褚志远, 王伟德, 吕青, 刘卫东, 康丛轩, 王树星.2019.山东蒙阴坡里地区金伯利岩带形成时代--来自辉绿岩锆石U-Pb定年数据的证据[J].地质通报, 38(1): 44-50.
董斌, 陈明珊, 肖湘辉.2006.湖南原生金刚石成矿地质背景及找矿方向[J].矿床地质, 25(S1): 337-340.
方维萱, 胡瑞忠, 苏文超, 肖加飞, 漆亮, 蒋国豪.2002.贵州镇远地区钾镁煌斑岩类的侵位时代[J].科学通报, 47(4):307-312.
冯爱平, 刘传朋, 褚志远, 夏立献, 肖丙建, 李新.2021.鲁西金刚石原生矿近十年深部成矿预测[J].地球学报, 42(6): 待刊.
冯爱平, 刘传朋, 褚志远, 夏立献, 肖丙建, 李新凤, 徐磊磊, 赵秀芳.2021.鲁西金刚石原生矿近十年深部成矿预测[J].地球学报, 42(6): 881-894.
付海涛, 万方来, 蒋丽丽, 徐华, 李祎昕, 杨磊.2021.辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿田金伯利岩地质特征[J].地球学报, 859-867.
付海涛, 万方来, 蒋丽丽, 徐华, 李祎昕, 杨磊.2021.辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿田金伯利岩地质特征[J].地球学报, 待刊.
黄友波, 周琦忠, 张琪, 冯学知, 王国强, 张凤鸣, 蔡逸涛.2019.江苏徐州塔山橄榄玄武玢岩地球化学特征及其与金刚石成因关系[J].地质通报, 38(1): 132-142.
黄远成, 石睿, 林泽渊, 李永刚.2015.贵州镇远苍蒲塘钾镁煌斑岩管发现及找矿意义[J].贵州地质, 32(1): 32-36+46.
江万.1995.贵州东部镇远地区钾镁煌斑岩的矿物学和岩石学研究[J].现代地质, 9(3): 351-358.
李昌年.1991.几种含金刚石岩系及相关岩石的地球化学性质[J].地质科技情报, 10(S1): 85-96.
李友枝, 赵磊, 何明跃, 帕拉提·阿布都卡迪尔, 李建哲.2000.西昆仑克里阳地区钾镁煌斑岩岩石学特征及其意义[J].现代地质, 14(4): 385-391.
李佑国, 莫宣学, 赵崇贺.1991.山西大同采凉山钾镁煌斑岩的地质与岩石学特征[J].地质科技情报, 10(S1): 29-36.
李子云, 马文运.1993.宁乡县云影窝含金刚石钾镁煌斑岩地质特征[J].湖南地质, 12(4): 221-225.
林玮鹏, 丘志力, 董斌, 梁伟章, 陈华, 李子云, 陈炳辉, 李榴芬.2011.湖南宁乡钾镁煌斑岩及相关岩石重砂锆石地球化学特征、U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 50(3): 105-111.
林玮鹏, 丘志力, 李子云, 陈炳辉, 李榴芬, 龚盛玮.2009.湖南宁乡Ⅴ号岩管煌斑岩的岩石地球化学特征[J].资源调查与环境, 30(3): 180-187.
刘观亮, 汪雄武, 吕学淼.1993.大洪山钾镁煌斑岩[M].北京:地质出版社: 186.
罗会文, 杨光树.1989.贵州省镇远地区钾镁煌斑岩岩石特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 8(2): 97-109.
马大铨, 赵子杰, 徐涛, 卢登蓉.1983.贵州马坪云母金伯利岩及伴生偏碱性超基性岩的岩石特征[C]//中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所文集(7).北京: 地质出版社.
马大铨.1980.中国东部金伯利岩体中镁铝榴石的对比研究及其形成条件的讨论[C]//中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所文集(1).北京: 地质出版社.
毛景文, 谢桂青, 张作衡, 李晓峰, 王义天, 张长青, 李永峰.2005.中国北方中生代大规模成矿作用的期次及其地球动力学背景[J].岩石学报, 21(1): 169-188.
梅厚钧, 唐春景, 李荪蓉, 李永明, 张兴春, 卢登蓉, 张连昌.1998.中国的钾镁煌斑岩和金伯利岩与金刚石矿床生成[J].中国科学(D辑), 28(S2): 71-77.
饶红娟, 蔡逸涛, 杨献忠, 康丛轩, 石睿, 林泽渊.2019.贵州镇远马坪地区钾镁煌斑岩侵位模式及找矿前景[J].地质通报, 38(01): 76-92.
饶家荣.1999.湖南原生金刚石矿深部构造地质背景及成矿预测[J].湖南地质, 18(1): 21- 28.
宋瑞祥.2013.中国金刚石矿床专论--中国金刚石矿找矿与开发[M].北京: 地质出版社.
宋谢炎, 侯增谦, 曹志敏, 卢纪仁, 汪云亮, 张成江, 李佑国.2001.峨眉大火成岩省的岩石地球化学特征及时限[J].地质学报, 75(4): 498-506.
童潜明.1996.沅水流域找原生金刚石工业矿床的意见[J].湖南地质, 15(1): 5-11.
王留海.1991.大洪山区钾镁煌斑岩的矿物特征及含矿性探讨[J].矿物岩石, 11(4): 51-56.
王取义.1995.江西安远莲花塘白榴黄长煌斑岩特征[J].江西地质, 9(4): 286-291.
王玉峰, 周军, 王建平, 朱成河, 杨献忠.2019.山东省平邑县大井头钾镁煌斑岩地质特征及金刚石含矿性[J].地质通报, 38(1): 93-102.
杨光忠, 李永刚, 张与伦, 罗邦良, 黄应均.2019.黔东钾镁煌斑岩分布控制因素及其侵位模式[J].地质通报, 38(1):27-35.
杨经绥, 徐向珍, 李源, 李金阳, 巴登珠, 戎合, 张仲明.2011.西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带的普兰地幔橄榄岩中发现金刚石:蛇绿岩型金刚石分类的提出[J].岩石学报, 27(11):3171-3178.
杨毓红, 黄艺, 刘燊, 张锡贵, 杨朝贵, 颜军, 叶春, 龚兴祥.2021.黔东南钾镁煌斑岩地球化学特征及指示意义[J].矿物学报, 41(3): 258-270.
张安棣.1991.金刚石找矿指示矿物研究及数据库[M].北京:北京科技出版社: 1-162.
张宏福, 杨岳衡.2007.华北克拉通东部含金刚石金伯利岩的侵位年龄和 Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学特征[J].岩石学报, 23(2): 285-294.
张连昌, 卢登蓉, 王淑荣, 梅厚钧.1998.山西大同钾镁煌斑岩地质地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石, 18(4): 32-38.
BERGMAN S C.1987.Lamproites and other potassium-rich igneous rocks: a review of their occurrence, mineralogy and geochemistry[J].Geological Society, 30(1): 103-190.
CAI Yi-tao, XU Min-cheng, SHI Jian-bin, YANG Xian-zhong, ZHANG Jie, KANG Cong-xuan, CAO Zheng-qi, DONG Zhong-dou, MA Yu-guang.2019.Mineral chemistry characteristics of clinopyroxene and ilmenite in basite of Lan’gan area, Anhui Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 38(1):1-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHAI Feng-mei.2001.Study on petology characteristics and ore bearing of lamporite in the southwest margin of Tarim Platfrom[D].Urumqi: Xinjiang University(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN Han-lin, YANG Shu-feng, LI Zi-long, YU Xing, LUO Jun-cheng, HE Guang-yu, LIN Xiu-bin, WANG Qing-hua.2009.Spatial and temporal characteristics of Permian large igneous province in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 30(2): 179-182 (in Chinese with English abstract).
CHI Ji-shang, LU Feng-xiang, LIU Yong-shun, HU Shi-jie, ZHAO Chong-he, YE De-long, ZHENG Jian-ping, ZHAO Lei, ZHANG Hong-fu, JIANG Wan.1996.Study on metallogenic geological conditions of primary diamond in China[M].Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press(in Chinese).
CHU Zhi-yuan, WANG Wei-de, LÜ Qing, LIU Wei-dong, KANG Cong-xuan, WANG Shu-xing.2019.The formation age of the kimberlite zone in Poli area of Mengyin, Shandong Province:Zircon U-Pb dating data of diabase[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 38(1): 44-50(in Chinese with English abstract).
DAWSON J B, STEPHENS W E.1976.Statistical classification of garnets from kimberlite and associated xenoliths: Addendum[J].The Journal of Geology, 84(4): 495-496.
DAWSON J B.1980.Kimberlites and their xenoliths[M].New York: Springer-Verlag: 1-252.
DONG Bin, CHEN Ming-shan, XIAO Xiang-hui.2006.Metallogenic geological setting and prospecting targets of primary diamond deposits in Hunan Province[J].Mineral Deposits, 25(S1): 337-340(in Chinese).
FANG Wei-xuan, HU Rui-zhong, SU Wen-chao, XIAO Jia-fei, QI Liang, JIANG Guo-hao.2002.The emplacement age of lamproites in Zhenyuan area, Guizhou[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 47(4): 307-312(in Chinese).
FENG Ai-ping, LIU Chuan-peng, CHU Zhi-yuan, XIA Li-xian, XIAO Bing-jian, LI Xin-feng, XU Lei-lei, ZHAO Xiu-fang.Deep Metallogenic Prediction of a Primary Diamond Deposit in Recent Ten Years in Western Shandong Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 42(6): 881-894(in Chinese with English abstact).
FU Hai-tao.Wan Fang-lai, Jiang Li-li, Xu Hua, Li Yixin, Yang Lei 2021.Geological characteristics of kimberlite in Wafangdian Diamond ore field, Liaoning province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 42(6): 859-867(in Chinese with English abstact).
GILL R.2010.Igneous Rocks and Processes[M].Chichester:Wiley- Blackwell.
GOGINENI S V, MELTON C E, GIARDINI A A.1978.Some petrological aspects of the Prairie Creek diamond-bearing kimberlite diatreme, Arkansas[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66(3): 251-261.
HAGGERTY S E.1986.Diamond genesis in a multply-constrained model[J].Nature, 320(6057): 34-38.
HUANG You-bo, ZHOU Qi-zhong, ZHANG Qi, FENG Xue-zhi, WANG Guo-qiang, ZHANG Feng-ming, CAI Yi-tao.2019.Geochemical feature of olivine basaltic porphyrite in Tashan area of Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, and its relation to diamond origin[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 38(1): 132-142(in Chinese with English abstract).
HUANG Yuan-cheng, SHI Rui, LIN Ze-yuan, LI Yong-gang.2015.Discovery of lamproite tube and its prospecting significance in Cangputang of Zhenyuan, Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology, 32(1): 32-36+46(in Chinese with English abstract).
JAQUES A L, LEWIS J D, SMITH C B, GREGORY G P, MCCULLOCH M T.1984.The diamond-bearing ultrapotassic(lamproitic) rocks of the west kimberley region, western australia.Developments in Petrology, 11: 225-254.
JIANG Wan.1995.Mineralogical and petrological study on lamproites in Zhenyuan area, Guizhou[J].Geoscience, 9(3):351-358(in Chinese with English abstract).
LE Maitre R W.2005.Igneous rocks: A classification and glossary of terms(2nd edition)[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 16-17.
LI Chang-nian.1991.Geochemical properties of several diamond-bearing rock series and related rocks[J].Geological Science and Technoligy Information, 10(S1): 85-96(in Chinese).
LI You-guo, MO Xuan-xue, ZHAO Chong-he.1991.Geology and petrology of lamproite in Cailiangshan aera, Datong Shanxi Province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information, 10(S1): 29-36(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI You-zhi, ZHAO Lei, HE Ming-yue, PARAT Abdukadir, LI Jian-zhe.2000.Petrology features and significance of lamproite in Keliyang, West Kunlun aera[J].Geoscience, 14(4):385-391(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Zi-yun, MA Wen-yun.1993.Geological feature of Yunyingwo lamproite in Ningxiang[J].Hunan Geology, 12(4): 221-225(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIN Wei-peng, QIU Zhi-li, DONG Bin, LIANG Wei-zhang, CHEN Hua, LI Zi-yun, CHEN Bing-hui, LI Liu-fen.2011.Geochemistry and U-Pb dating of heavy mineral zircons and their significance in lamproites and associated rocks firom Ningxiang, Hunan Province[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 50(3): 105-111(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIN Wei-peng, QIU Zhi-li, LI Zi-yun, CHEN Bing-hui, LI Liu-fen, GONG Sheng-wei.2009.Lithogeochemical characteristics of No.5 pipe-like lamprophyre in Ningxiang, Hunan province[J].Resources Survey & Environment, 30(3): 180-187(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIU Guan-liang, WANG Xiong-wu, LV Xue-miao.1993.Lamproite in Dahongshan area[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House: 186(in Chinese).
LUO Hui-wen, YANG Guang-shu.1989.The characteristics of lamproite in Zhenyuan area, Guizhou[J].Acta Petroloigca et Mineralogica, 8(2): 97-109(in Chinese with English abstract).
MA Da-quan, ZHAO Zi-jie, XU Tao, LU Deng-rong.1983.Petrographic characteristics of mica kimberlite and associated alkalic ultrabasic rocks in Maping, Guizhou[C]// Proceedings of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.Beijing: Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
MA Da-quan.1980.Comparative study on the magulogarite from the Kimberley pluton in eastern China and discussion on its formation conditions[C]//Proceedings of Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.Beijing: Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
MAO Jing-wen, XIE Gui-qing, ZHANG Zuo-heng, LI Xiao-feng, WANG Yi-tian, ZHANG Chang-qing, LI Yong-feng.2005.Mesozoic large-scale metallogenic pulses in North China and corresponding geodynamic setings[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 21(1): 169-188(in Chinese with English abstract).
MEI Hou-jun, TANG Chun-jing, LI Sun-rong, LI Yong-ming, ZHANG Xing-chun, LU Deng-rong, ZHANG Lian-chang.1998.Formation of lamproite, kimberlite and diamond deposits in China[J].Science in China (Series D), 28(S2): 71-77(in Chinese).
MITCHELL R H, BERGMAN S C.1991.Petrology of lamproits[M].New York: Plenum press.
PRIDER R T.1959.The leucite lamproites of the Fitzroy Basin, Western Australia[J].Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6(2): 71-118.
RAO Hong-juan, CAI Yi-tao, YANG Xian-zhong, KANG Cong-xuan, SHI Rui, LIN-Ze-yuan.2019.Emplacement model and ore- search prospect of lamproite in Maping , Zhenyuan, Guizhou[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 38(01):76-92(in Chinese with English abstract).
RAO Jia-rong.1999.Deep structural geology setting and metallogenic forecasting of primary diamond in Hunan[J].Hunan Geology, 18(1): 21-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
SHIREY S B, CARTIGNY P, FROST D J, KESHAV S, NESTOLA F, NIMIS P, PEARSON D G, SOBOLEV N V, WALTER M J.2013.Diamonds and the geology of mantle carbon[J].Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 75: 355-421.
SONG Rui-xiang.2013.Diamond deposits in China: Prospecting and development of diamond deposits in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).
SONG Xie-yan, HOU Zeng-qian, CAO Zhi-min, LU Ji-ren, WANG Yun-liang, ZHANG Cheng-jiang, LI You-guo.2001.Geochemical characteristics and period of the Emei igneous province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 75(4): 498-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
The 7th Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province.2011.Research report on the potential evaluation and prospecting direction of diamond resources in Pingyi-Feixian area, Shandong Province[R].Linyi: The 7th Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province(in Chinese).
TONG Qian-ming.1996.Suggestions of searching primary diamond deposit with industrial value along Yuanjinag River[J].Hunan Geology, 15(1): 5-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
WADE A, PRIDER R T.1940.The leucite-bearing rocks of the West Kimberley area, Western Australia[J].Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 96(1-4): 39-NP.
WANG Liu-hai.1991.Characteristics of minerals and ore-bearing ability in lamproites of mountain Dahongshan district[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 11(4): 51-56(in Chinese).
WANG Qu-yi.1995.The features of Lianhuatang leucititic alnoite in Anyuan Country, Jiangxi[J].Jiangxi Geology, 9(4):286-291(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Yu-feng, ZHOU Jun, WANG Jian-ping, ZHU Cheng-he, YANG Xian-zhong.2019.A discussion on geological characteristics and diamond ore-bearing potentiality of the Dajingtou lamporphite, Pingyi County, Shandong Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 38(1): 93-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
YANG Guang-zhong, LI Yong-gang, ZHANG Yu-lun, LUO Bang-liang, HUANG Ying-jun.2019.Distribution-controlling factors and emplacement mode of lamproite in southeastern Guizhou Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 38(1):27-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
YANG Jing-sui, XU Xiang-zhen, LI Yuan, LI Jin-yang, BA Deng-zhu, RONG He, ZHANG Zhong-ming.2011.Diamonds recovered from peridotite of the Purang ophiolite in the Yarlung-Zangbo suture of Tibet: A proposal for a new type of diamond occurrence[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(11):3171-3178(in Chinese with English abstract).
YANG Yu-hong, HUANG Yi, LIU Shen, ZHANG Xi-gui, YANG Chao-gui, YAN Jun, YE Chun, GONG Xing-xiang.2021.Geochemical characteristics of lamproites in Southeastern Guizhou and their indicative significances[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 41(3): 258-270(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZARTMAN R E.1977.Geochronology of some alkalic rock provinces in eastern and central United-States[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 5(1): 257-286
ZHANG An-di.1986.Research and database of diamond prospecting indicator minerals[M].Beijing: Beijing Science and Technology Press: 1-162(in Chinese).
ZHANG Hong-fu, YANG Yue-heng.2007.Emplacement age and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic characteristics of the diamondiferous kimberlites from the eastern North China Craton[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23(2): 285-294(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Lian-chang, LU Deng-rong, WANG Shu-rong, MEI Hou-jun.1998.Geological and geochemical characteristics of lamprophyre in Datong, Shanxi[J].Mineralogy and Petrology.18(4): 32-38 (in Chinese with English abstract).
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 68
- PDF下载数: 10
- 施引文献: 0
下载: