Shale Gas (CBM) Potential of Longtan Formation in Shibao Mining Area, Southeast Sichuan: A Case Study of Well SD1
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摘要: 二叠系龙潭组是四川盆地最主要的海陆过渡相页岩气勘探层位。通过钻井岩芯和薄片观察、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、有机地球化学分析、孔渗测试、现场解吸和等温吸附等手段, 以 SD1井为例, 对川东南石宝矿区龙潭组烃源岩特征和页岩气潜力进行研究。结果表明: 1)研究区SD1井龙潭组泥页岩累计厚度约47.74 m, 与煤层及粉-细砂岩交互出现, 主要为分流间湾和沼泽微相沉积; 2)泥页岩总体黏土矿物含量高(平均值为 49.7%), 富菱铁矿、黄铁矿和锐钛矿, 缺乏长石和其他碳酸盐矿物; 3)有机质主要由镜质组构成, 干酪根δ13C集中分布在–22.8‰～–24.2‰之间, 以Ⅲ型干酪根为主, 有机质丰度高(TOC平均值为7.37%), 处于过成熟生干气阶段, 生烃潜力大; 4)储集空间主要包括微裂缝、有机质孔、溶蚀孔和晶间孔, 孔隙度变化在 3.05%～4.35%之间, 平均值为 3.79%; 渗透率约为 0.486 μD, 远小于 0.1 mD, 具超低孔超低渗特征; 5)现场解吸泥页岩含气量为0.61～4.70 m3/t, 平均值为2.16 m3/t, 含气性相对较好, 饱和吸附气含量均大于2.00 m3/t, 显示出良好的吸附性能。综合研究认为, 川东南石宝矿区龙潭组页岩气开发潜力较大, 龙潭组上段中部C14–C17碳质泥岩夹煤层组合和龙潭组中段上部C20–C24碳质泥岩夹煤层组合为主力勘查层段。Abstract: The Permian Longtan Formation is one of the most important shale gas exploration strata of marine-continental transitional facies in Sichuan Basin. Based on drilling core and thin section observation, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, organic geochemical analysis, porosity and permeability testing, in-situ gas content analysis, and Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the characteristics of source rock and shale gas potential of Longtan Formation in Shibao mining area, southeast Sichuan were studied, using Well SD1 as an example. The results showed that: 1) The cumulative thickness of shale in Longtan Formation was approximately 47.74 m, which interacted with coal seam and fine sandstone, and was mainly deposited in microfacies of inter-distributary bay and marsh. 2) The shale was characterized by high clay mineral content(49.7% on an average); was rich in siderite, pyrite, and anatase; and lacked feldspar and other carbonate minerals.3) The organic matter was mainly composed of vitrinite. The δ13C of kerogen was concentrated in the range of–22.8‰ to –24.2‰. The Longtan shale had a high total organic carbon (TOC) of 7.37% and contained type III gas-prone organic matter. The thermal evolution of organic matter was in the over-mature stage, indicating good hydrocarbon potential. 4) The pore types mainly included microfractures and organic matter, dissolution, and intercrystalline pores. The porosity varied from 3.05% to 4.35% with an average of 3.79%. The permeability was about 0.486 μD, far below 1 mD. Therefore, Longtan Formation had an obvious ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir. 5) The in-situ gas content of shale varied from 0.61 m3/t to 4.70 m3/t, with an average of 2.16 m3/t, indicating relatively high gas content. Saturated adsorption gas content was greater than 2.00 m3/t, indicating good adsorption performance. Generally, the comprehensive study showed that the shale gas development potential of Longtan Formation was great in Shibao mining area, and the C14–C17 carbonaceous mudstone/shale with coal seam assemblage in the middle part of upper Longtan Formation and the C20–C24 carbonaceous mudstone/shale with coal seam assemblage in the upper part were the main exploration sections.
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