Finding and Implication of an Undiscovered Giant Deposit of Ion-adsorption Rare Earth Elements in Honghe, South Yunnan, China
-
摘要: 围绕国家战略性产业发展对稀土资源的需求, 特别是紧缺的重稀土资源, 如何快速有效地发现富含重稀土矿床找矿靶区是勘查地球化学急需解决的问题。“化学地球”大科学计划获得全国地球化学基准数据, 圈定稀土异常超常富集区 9处, 其中新发现的滇南红河州蒙自—中越边境地区稀土富集区轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)为3.5, 与华南富含重稀土的离子吸附型稀土矿异常LREE/HREE比值一致。结合地质背景、成矿母岩、气候和地形地貌特点等初步判断具有寻找类似华南富含重稀土的离子吸附型稀土矿资源潜力。因此, 对这一异常的核心区, 开展了1:25万、1:5万地球化学调查和风化剖面测量, 并经 29个钻孔验证, 初步发现马鞍底潜在超大型富含重稀土离子吸附型稀土矿。富矿区分布于坡度较缓的坡脚处, 风化母岩为印支期和燕山期花岗岩、元古界斜长片麻岩和变粒岩。风化剖面厚度最深可达25 m左右, 富矿层位位于全风化层, 一般在2～13 m深度, 矿体平均厚度6～13 m, 最厚可达21 m, 平均品位0.14%。根据29个钻孔和84个风化壳剖面测量, 初步估算稀土潜在矿石量约9.46亿吨、稀土氧化物潜在资源约100万吨。这是我国首次在滇南地区发现潜在超大型离子吸附型稀土矿。该离子吸附型稀土矿同时富含轻稀土(镧、铈、镨、钕)和重稀土(钆、铽、镝、钇), 具有重大经济价值和科学意义。这一发现表明开展从极低密度、低密度到高密度地球化学调查, 获得全部16个稀土元素高质量数据是发现离子吸附型稀土矿的快速有效方法。Abstract: Rare earth elements (REEs), particularly heavy rare earth elements (HREE), are critically needed by high-tech industries and modern society. Geochemical methods are used in the exploration and delineation of the targets of HREE-enriched deposits. A total of 9 REE-enriched geochemical provinces were delineated throughout China by Mapping Chemical Earth Program-China Geochemical Baselines project. The targets with 3.5 of LREE/HREE, similar to the ion-adsorption HREE-enriched deposits discovered in Huanan, located in Honghe, Yunnan province, southwestern China, were selected for follow-up geochemical surveys at scales of 1:250 000 and 1:50 000. A giant ion-adsorbed REE deposit with an ore reserve of 946 million tones and TRE2O3 reserve of approximately 1.0 million tones at an average REE grade of 0.14% has been discovered by a drilling program at Maandi, Honghe. The ore bodies hosted in regolith range in depth from 2 m to 13 m, which developed from the parent rocks of Indosinian and Yanshanian granites and Proterozoic gneiss and leptynite, and are distributed at gentle slope areas. This is the first discovery of ion-adsorption REE deposits containing LREE (La, Ce, Pr and Nd)and HREE (Gd, Tb, Dy and Y) with both economic and scientific value in south Yunan, China. This finding shows that global-, regional- to local-scale geochemical surveys by using wide-spaced, low-density and high-density sampling to provide high-quality data of 16 rare earth elements is a cost-effective method to delineate targets for regolith-hosted ion-adsorption HREE deposits.
-
Key words:
- ion-adsorption deposit /
- HREE /
- geochemical survey /
- Mapping Chemical Earth /
- discovery /
- Maandi /
- Honghe of Yunnan
-
-
陈毓川, 王登红, 徐志刚.2015. 中国重要矿产和区域成矿规律[M]. 北京: 地质出版社: 344-368.
池汝安, 刘雪梅. 2019. 风化壳淋积型稀土矿开发的现状及展望[J]. 中国稀土学报, 37(2): 129-140.
董树文, 李廷栋. 2009. SinoProbe-中国深部探测实验[J]. 地质学报, 83(7): 895-909.
侯增谦, 田世洪, 谢玉玲, 袁忠信, 杨竹森, 尹淑苹, 费红彩, 邹天人, 李小渝, 杨志明. 2008. 川西冕宁-德昌喜马拉雅期稀土元素成矿带: 矿床地质特征与区域成矿模型[J]. 矿床地质, 27(2): 145-176.
李童斐, 夏庆霖, 汪新庆, 刘岳, 常力恒, 冷帅. 2018. 中国稀土矿资源成矿地质特征与资源潜力分析[J]. 地学前缘, 25(3):95-106.
李余华, 张子军, 龙庆兵, 刘凤祥, 李明晓, 王敏, 周家喜. 2019.云南建水普雄铌稀土矿床微量和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].矿物学报, 39(4): 474-483.
陆蕾, 王登红, 王成辉, 赵芝, 冯文杰, 徐晓春, 陈晨, 钟海仁.2020. 云南离子吸附型稀土矿成矿规律[J]. 地质学报, 94(1): 179-191.
毛景文, 袁顺达, 谢桂青, 宋世伟, 周琦, 高永宝, 刘翔, 付小方, 曹晶, 曾载淋, 李通国, 樊锡银. 2019. 21世纪以来中国关键金属矿产找矿勘查与研究新进展[J]. 矿床地质, 38(5): 935-969.
明添学, 唐忠, 包从法, 李蓉, 詹冬琴, 杨清标, 郝学峰, 余海军. 2021. 云南省稀土矿分布特征、研究进展与展望[J]. 中国稀土学报, https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2365.TG.20210820.1413.022.html.
王登红, 赵芝, 于扬, 赵汀, 李建康, 代晶晶, 刘新星, 何晗晗.2013. 离子吸附型稀土资源研究进展、存在问题及今后研究方向[J]. 岩矿测试, 32(5): 796-802.
王登红. 2019. 关键矿产的研究意义、矿种厘定、资源属性、找矿进展、存在问题及主攻方向[J]. 地质学报, 93(6):1189-1209.
王学求, 谢学锦, 张本仁, 侯青叶. 2011. 地壳全元素探测技术与实验示范[J]. 地球学报, 32(S1): 65-83.
王学求, 周建, 迟清华, 王玮, 张必敏, 聂兰仕, 刘东盛, 徐善法, 吴慧, 高燕芳. 2020. 中国稀土元素地球化学背景与远景区优选[J]. 地球学报, 41(6): 747-758.
王学求, 周建, 徐善法, 迟清华, 聂兰仕, 张必敏, 姚文生, 王玮, 刘汉粮, 刘东盛, 韩志轩, 柳青青. 2016. 全国地球化学基准网建立与土壤地球化学基准值特征[J]. 中国地质, 43(5): 1469-1480.
王学求. 2012. 全球地球化学基准: 了解过去, 预测未来[J]. 地学前缘, 19(3): 7-18.
谢学锦. 1978. 区域化探全国扫面规划[J]. 物化探研究报导, 3:28-36.
袁忠信, 白鸽. 2001. 中国内生稀有稀土矿床的时空分布[J]. 矿床地质, (04): 347-354.
袁忠信, 李建康, 王登红, 郑国栋, 娄德波, 陈郑辉, 赵芝, 于扬.2012. 中国稀土矿床成矿规律[M]. 北京: 地质出版社:1-116.
张勤, 白金峰, 王烨. 2012. 地壳全元素配套分析方案及分析质量监控系统[J]. 地学前缘, 19(3): 33-42.
周美夫, 李欣禧, 王振朝, 李晓春, 刘嘉成. 2020. 风化壳型稀土和钪矿床成矿过程的研究进展和展望[J]. 科学通报, 65(33): 3809-3824.
CHAU N D, JADWIGA P, ADAM P, VAN HAO D, PHON L K, PAWEŁ J. 2017. General characteristics of rare earth and radioactive elements in Dong Pao deposit, Lai Chau, Vietnam[J].Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 39(1): 14-26.
CHEN Yu-chuan, WANG Deng-hong, XU Zhi-gang.2015. Important mineral resources and regional metallogenic regularity in China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House: 344-368(in Chinese).
CHI Ru-an, LIU Xue-mei. 2019. Prospect and development of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore[J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 37(2): 129-140(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Shu-wen, LI Ting-dong. 2009. SinoProbe: the Exploration of the Deep Interior Beneath the Chinese Continent[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 83(7): 895-909(in Chinese with English abstract).
European Commission. 2014. Report on critical raw materials for the EU: Report of the Ad hoc Working Group on Defning Critical Raw Materials[R]. Brussels: European Commission: 41.
HOU Zeng-qian, TIAN Shi-hong, XIE Yu-ling, YUAN Zhong-xin, YANG Zhu-sen, YIN Shu-ping, FEI Hong-cai, ZOU Tian-ren, LI Xiao-yu, YANG Zhi-ming. 2008. Mianning-Dechang Himalayan REE belt associated with carbonatite-alkalic complex in eastern Indo-Asian collision zone, southwest China: Geological characteristics of REE deposits and a possible metallogenic model[J]. Mineral Deposits, 27(2): 145-176(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
LI Tong-fei, XIA Qing-lin, WANG Xin-qing, LIU Yue, CHANG Li-heng, LENG Shuai. 2018. Metallogenic geological characteristics and mineral resource potential of rare earth element resources in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 25(3):95-106(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Yu-hua, ZHANG Zi-jun, LONG Qing-bing, LIU Feng-xiang, LI Ming-xiao, WANG Min, ZHOU Jia-xi. 2019. Trace elements and REE geochemical characteristics of the Puxiong Nb-REE deposit in Jianshui City, Yunnan Province, China[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 39(4): 474-483(in Chinese with English abstract).
LU Lei, WANG Deng-hong, WANG Cheng-hui, ZHAO Zhi, FENG Wen-jie, XU Xiao-chun, CHEN Chen, ZHONG Hai-ren. 2020.The metallogenic regularity of ion-adsorption type REE deposit in Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 94(1):179-191(in Chinese with English abstract).
MAO Jing-wen, YUAN Shun-da, XIE Gui-qing, SONG Shi-wei, ZHOU Qi, GAO Yong-bao, LIU Xiang, FU Xiao-fang, CAO Jing, ZENG Zai-lin, LI Tong-guo, FAN Xi-yin. 2019. New advances on metallogenic studies and exploration on critical minerals of China in 21st century[J]. Mineral Deposits, 38(5):935-969(in Chinese with English abstract).
MING Tian-xue, TANG Zhong, BAO Cong-fa, LI Rong, ZHAN Dong-qin, YANG Qing-biao, HAO Xue-feng, YU Hai-jun.2021. Prospect, research progress and distribution characteristics of rare earth minerals in Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2365.TG.20210820.1413.022.html(in Chinese with English abstract).
SCHULZ K J, DEYOUNG J H, SEAL R R, BRADLEY D C. 2017.Critical mineral resources of the United States-Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply[R].Reston: U.S. Geological Survey.
WANG Deng-hong, ZHAO Zhi, YU Yang, ZHAO Ting, LI Jian-kang, DAI Jing-jing, LIU Xin-xing, HE Han-han. 2013.Progress, problems and research orientation of ion-adsorption type rare earth resources[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 32(5):796-802(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Deng-hong. 2019. Study on critical mineral resources:significance of research, determination of types, attributes of resources, progress of prospecting, problems of utilization, and direction of exploitation[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 93(6):1189-1209(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xue-qiu, XIE Xue-jin, ZHANG Ben-ren, HOU Qing-ye.2011. Geochemical probe into China’s continental crust[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 32(S1): 65-83(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xue-qiu, ZHANG Bi-min, LIN Xin, XU Shan-fa, YAO Wen-sheng, YE Rong. 2016. Geochemical challenges of diverse regolith-covered terrains for mineral exploration in China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 73: 417-431.
WANG Xue-qiu, ZHANG Bi-min, NIE Lan-shi, WANG Wei, ZHOU Jian, XU Shan-fa, CHI Qin-hua, LIU Dong-sheng, LIU Han-liang, HAN Zhi-xuan, LIU Qing-qing, MI Tian, ZHANG Bao-yun, WU Hui, LI Rui-hong, HU Qing-hai, YAN Tao-tao, GAO Yan-fang. 2020. Mapping Chemical Earth Program:Progress and challenge[J]. Journal of Geochemical Explration, 217: 106578.
WANG Xue-qiu, ZHOU Jian, CHI Qing-hua, WANG Wei, ZHANG Bi-min, NIE Lan-shi, LIU Dong-sheng, XU Shan-fa, WU Hui, GAO Yan-fang. 2020. Geochemical background and distribution of rare earth elements in China: Implications for potential prospects[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 41(6): 747-758(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xue-qiu, ZHOU Jian, XU Shan-fa, CHI Qing-hua, NIE Lan-shi, ZHANG Bi-min, YAO Wen-sheng, WANG Wei, LIU Han-liang, LIU Dong-sheng, HAN Zhi-xuan, LIU Qing-qing.2016. China soil geochemical baselines networks: Data characteristics[J]. Geology in China, 43(5): 1469-1480(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xue-qiu. 2012. Global geochemical baselines: Understanding the past and predicting the future[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 19(3): 7-18(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xue-qiu. 2015. China geochemical baselines: Sampling methodology[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 148:25-39.
XIE Xue-jin. 1978. Regional Geochemistry-National Reconnaissance Project[J]. Bullentin of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 3: 28-36(in Chinese).
XIE Yu-ling, HOU Zeng-qian, GOLDFARB R J, GUO Xiang, WANG Lei. 2016. Rare earth element deposits in China[J].Reviews in Economic Geology, 18: 115-136.
YUAN Zhong-xin, BAI Ge. 2001. Temporal and spatial distribution of endogenic rare and rare earth mineral deposits of China[J]. Mineral deposits, (04): 347-354(in Chinese with English abstract).
YUAN Zhong-xin, LI Jian-kang, WANG Deng-hong, ZHENG Guo-dong, LOU De-bo, CHEN Zheng-hui, ZHAO Zhi, YU Yang.2012. Metallogenic regularity of rare earth deposits in China[M]. Bejing: Geological Publishing House: 1-116(in Chinese).
ZHANG Qin, BAI Jin-feng, WANG Ye. 2012. Analytical scheme and quality monitoring system for China geochemical baselines[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 19(3): 33-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU Mei-Fu, LI M Y H, WANG Zhen-chao, LI Xiao-Chun, LIU Jia-cheng. 2020. The genesis of regolith-hosted rare earth element and scandium deposits: Current understanding and outlook to future prospecting[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 65(33): 3809-3824(in Chinese with English abstract).
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 120
- PDF下载数: 10
- 施引文献: 0
下载: