摘要:
西天山阿吾拉勒铁矿带是新疆最重要的铁矿带之一。在伊犁地块前寒武纪基底上发育起来的阿吾拉勒石炭纪上叠裂谷, 形成了由一套海相双峰式火山岩建造组成的火山岩带, 伴随强烈火山活动和岩浆成矿作用, 形成以铁为主, 铜、锌、铅、金、银等共生的海相火山岩型矿床。按照矿床成矿系列理论, 建立了矿床成矿系列(组)、亚系列及矿床式(组), 随着火山活动强度由强到弱, 清晰表现出铁矿成矿强度由弱到强, 再变弱, 就位方式由火山喷发沉积到火山气液-矿浆贯入-喷溢充填, 再到火山喷流沉积, 最后结束于含矿次火山岩浆侵入, 成矿组分由单一的铁逐渐变成铁、铜、锌、铅、金、银的多元素组合的演化规律。进入新世纪, 特别是新疆“358”项目实施以来, 阿吾拉勒铁矿带勘查在资金、人员、技术、政策等方面得到加强, 首次在西天山高山地区实施铁矿整装勘查, 构建了由正确的技术路线、科学的成矿理论、先进的技术方法、有力的保障措施等关键要素组成的评价体系, 实现了阿吾拉勒铁矿带找矿重大突破, 使之成为新疆最大的富铁矿带, 形成了实现勘查突破的关键路径和经验范式。
Abstract:
The Awulale iron metallogenic belt, located on the northern margin of the Yili block in Western Tianshan,is one of Xinjiang’s most important iron belts. The Awulale volcanic rock belt, an Upper Carboniferous rift developed on the Precambrian basement, is composed of marine bimodal volcanic rock formations. Because of strong volcanic activities and magmatic mineralization, the contemporaneous marine volcanic rock-type deposits,including iron, copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver, were formed. Metallogenic series（groups）, sub-series, and ore deposit types（groups） have been established based on the minerogenetic series theory of mineral deposits. With the intensity of volcanic activity from strong to weak, the intensity of iron mineralization shows a pattern of weak to strong and then weak. The emplacement mode of iron deposits is from volcanic eruption sedimentation to volcanic gas liquid-slurry penetration-overflow filling, to volcanic eruption sedimentation, and finally to subvolcanic slurry intrusion. As a result, the ore-forming composition of iron deposits gradually changes from a relatively single iron to a multi-element combination of iron, copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver. Since the implementation of the “358”Projects in Xinjiang during this century, exploration of the Awulale iron metallogenic belt has been consolidated regarding funds, personnel, technology, and policies. For example, for the first deployment of integrated iron ore exploration in the Western Tianshan Mountains area, a systematic evaluation system has been established, including the correct technical route, scientific metallogenic theory, advanced technical methods, and robust safeguard measures. Implementing all these measures has facilitated a significant breakthrough in exploring the Awulale iron metallogenic belt, and this has become the largest iron ore-rich belt in Xinjiang, representing a critical path and empirical paradigm for further prospecting breakthroughs.
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