Sedimentary Characteristics and Evolution of the Lower Triassic Evaporite and Its Control on the Formation of Potassium Ore in the Puguang Area, Northeastern Sichuan Basin
-
摘要: 四川盆地中—下三叠统地层中发育大量膏-盐沉积, 其中与石盐共伴生杂卤石(被命名为“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”)的大量发现和重新评估引起了近年来的广泛关注。但当前对此类杂卤石的研究主要集中在其矿物发育特征与成因类型等方面, 对于其发育地层的沉积特征与演化规律的精细剖析及其对杂卤石形成的控制作用研究较少。本文利用川宣地1 井连续取心的目的层段岩心资料进行了沉积微相和高精度层序地层学分析。共识别出14 种沉积微相类型, 并将其划分为6 个微相组合, 依次代表从局限台地到蒸发台地不同的沉积相带及能量、环境特征。在此基础上根据沉积微相的纵向发育演化、地层厚度以及典型诊断界面等信息, 划分出4 个四级沉积层序以及其内部的多个五级旋回。研究认为川东北地区与石盐共伴生的原生杂卤石是明显受不同级别海平面波动影响和控制的, 主要发育在四级层序海退末期与五级旋回海侵的叠加时期, 前者的强蒸发条件为杂卤石的形成提供了重要基础, 但后者带来的海水补给则是其形成的必要条件。Abstract: Thick layers of anhydrite and salt are deposited in the Middle and Lower Triassic strata in the Sichuan Basin.The rediscovery and transvaluation of polyhalite associated with salt, which has been called “a new type of polyhalite potassium ore”, has brought widespread attention to this mineral in recent years.However, research on this type of polyhalite has focused mainly on the aspects, such as the mineral development characteristics and genetic types, etc.Studies focusing on high-resolution analyses of the sedimentary characteristics and evolution of the surrounding strata and its control on the formation of polyhalite are rare.Therefore, in this study, microfacies and high-precision sequence stratigraphy analyses were carried out using core data of the continuous coring target interval of well CXD1.Fourteen microfacies types were identified and divided into six microfacies associations representing different sedimentary facies zones with different energy and environmental characteristics ranging from restricted to evaporative platform.On this basis, according to the vertical development of microfacies, stratigraphic thickness and typical diagnostic interfaces, four fourth-order sedimentary sequences and multiple fifth-order cycles within them were defined.The results implied that the primary polyhalite associated with salt in the northeast Sichuan Basin was obviously affected and controlled by sea level fluctuations.Specifically, it developed mainly in the superposition period between the end of regressions in the fourth-order sequences and transgressions of the fifth-order cycles.The evaporative condition in the former provided an important basis for the formation of polyhalite; however, the external seawater replenishment provided by the latter was the necessary condition.
-
-
白超, 刘建伟, 2022.四川南充盐盆下中三叠统杂卤石形成条件及找钾意义[J].地下水, 44(1): 174-177.
蔡克勤, 袁见齐, 1986.四川三叠系钾盐成矿条件和找矿方向[J].化工地质, (2): 1-9.
陈安清, 王立成, 姬广建, 等, 2015.川东北早-中三叠世聚盐环境及海水浓缩成钾模式[J].岩石学报, 31(9):2757-2769.
陈郁华, 1983.黄海水25 ℃恒温蒸发时的析盐序列及某些微量元素的分布规律[J].地质学报, 57(4): 379-390.
冯增昭, 鲍志东, 吴胜和, 等, 1997.中国南方早中三叠世岩相古地理[J].地质科学, 32(2): 212-220.
龚大兴, 2016.四川盆地三叠纪成盐环境、成钾条件及成因机制[D].成都: 成都理工大学.
龚大兴, 周家云, 吴驰华, 等, 2015.四川盆地早中三叠世成盐期岩相古地理及成盐模式[J].地质学报, 89(11): 2075-2086.
韩蔚田, 谷树起, 蔡克勤, 1982.K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+/Cl–、S
-H2O 六元体系中杂卤石形成条件的研究[J].科学通报, 27(6): 362-365.
何登发, 李德生, 张国伟, 等, 2011.四川多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].地质科学, 46(3): 589-606.
侯学文, 龚大兴, 文华国, 等, 2020.四川盆地三叠系杂卤石的时空分布、显微特征及成因研究[J].地质论评, 66(6):1555-1571.
胡明毅, 魏国齐, 李思田, 等, 2010.四川盆地嘉陵江组层序-岩相古地理特征和储层预测[J].沉积学报, 28(6):1145-1152.
黄涵宇, 何登发, 李英强, 等, 2019.四川盆地东南部泸州古隆起的厘定及其成因机制[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京); 北京大学), 26(1): 102-120.
雷卞军, 周跃宗, 杨金利, 等, 2006.川中-川南过渡带嘉陵江组二段沉积相及其展布特征[J].中国地质, 33(5):1149-1158.
李东东, 2015.Li-Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4-H2O 体系多温热力学相平衡模型开发及其应用[D].北京: 中国科学院大学.
李东东, 高丹丹, 边绍菊, 等, 2021.Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+//Cl–, S
-H2O 六元体系中杂卤石形成条件的再认识[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京); 北京大学), 28(6): 46-55.
李亚文, 蔡克勤, 韩蔚田, 1998.四川盆地三叠系蒸发岩的变质作用与富钾卤水的成因[J].现代地质, 12(2): 222-228.
李亚文, 韩蔚田, 1987.四川盆地三叠系杂卤石形成条件的实验研究[J].现代地质, 1(3-4): 400-411.
林耀庭, 卞慕英, 2001.碳酸盐组分在四川盆地三叠纪蒸发岩系中的分布及其成盐标志研究[J].化工矿产地质, 23(3):145-150.
林耀庭, 陈绍兰, 2008.论四川盆地下、中三叠统蒸发岩的生成模式、成盐机理及找钾展望[J].盐湖研究, 16(3): 1-10.
林耀庭, 高立民, 宋鹤彬, 1998.四川盆地海相三叠系硫同位素组成及其地质意义[J].地质地球化学, 26(4): 43-49.
商雯君, 张永生, 邢恩袁, 等, 2021.川东北普光地区新型杂卤石钾盐矿的物源: Sr、S 同位素证据[J].地质学报, 95(2):506-516.
孙宏伟, 曹养同, 张华, 2014.蒸发岩盆地杂卤石成因及找钾意义[J].化工矿产地质, 36(1): 8-12.
唐敏, 刘成林, 焦鹏程, 等, 2009.世界海相钾盐矿床特征定量化分析及其意义[J].沉积学报, 27(2): 326-333.
王淑丽, 郑绵平, 2014.川东盆地长寿地区三叠系杂卤石的发现及其成因研究[J].矿床地质, 33(5): 1045-1056.
袁见齐, 1980.钾盐矿床成矿理论研究若干问题[J].地质论评, 26(1): 56-59.
张雄, 朱正杰, 崔志伟, 等, 2022.四川盆地东部垫江盐盆早三叠世嘉陵江组四段杂卤石成因及对成钾的指示[J].地球科学, 47(1): 27-35.
张永生, 郑绵平, 邢恩袁, 等, 2021.川宣地1 井发现厚层海相可溶性“新型杂卤石钾盐”工业矿层[J].中国地质, 48(1):343-344.
赵德钧, 韩蔚田, 蔡克勤, 等, 1987.大汶口凹陷下第三系含盐段杂卤石的成因及其找钾意义[J].地球科学, 12(4):349-356.
赵艳军, 刘成林, 龚大兴, 等, 2015.泸州-开江古隆起对川东三叠纪成盐成钾环境的控制作用[J].地质学报, (11):1983-1989.
郑绵平, 袁鹤然, 张永生, 等, 2010.中国钾盐区域分布与找钾远景[J].地质学报, 84(11): 1523-1553.
郑绵平, 张永生, 商雯君, 等, 2018.川东北普光地区发现新型杂卤石钾盐矿[J].中国地质, 45(5): 1074-1075.
仲佳爱, 郑绵平, 唐学渊, 等, 2018.川东北黄金口背斜三叠系深部杂卤石特征及成因探讨[J].矿床地质, 37(1): 81-90.
BAI Chao, LIU Jianwei, 2022.Formation conditions of Lower-Middle Triassic polyhalite in Nanchong Salt Basin, Sichuan and its potassium prospecting significance[J].Ground Water, 44(1): 174-177(in Chinese with English abstract).
CAI Keqin, YUAN Jianqi, 1986.Metallogenic conditions and prospecting direction of Triassic potash in Sichuan[J].Geology of Chemical Minerals, 2: 1-9(in Chinese).
CHEN Anqing, WANG Licheng, JI Guangjian, et al., 2015.Evaporatic environment and the concentration model of potash in the Early-Middle Triassic, northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 31(9): 2757-2769(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN Yuhua, 1983.Sequence of salt separation and regularity of some trace elements distribution during isothermal evaporation(25 ℃)of the Huanghai sea water[J].Acta Geological Sinica, 57(4): 379-390(in Chinese with English abstract).
DUNHAM R J, 1962.Classifcation of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1: 108-121.
FENG Zengzhao, BAO Zhidong, WU Shenghe, et al., 1997.Lithofacies Palaeogeography of the Early and Middle Triassic of south China[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica, 32(2):212-220(in Chinese with English abstract).
FLÜGEL E, 2004.Microfacies of carbonate rocks, 2nd edn[M].Heidelberg: Springer.
FRAISER M L, BOTTJER D J, 2007.Elevated atmospheric CO2 and the delayed biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 252(1-2): 164-175.
GONG Daxing, 2016.The Triassic Salt-forming Environment, Potash-forming Conditions and Genetic Mechanism in Sichuan Basin[D].Chengdu: Chengdu University Technology(in Chinese with English abstract).
GONG Daxing, XIAO Bin, BAGAS L, et al., 2021.Origin of the Early to Middle Triassic polyhalite minerals in the Sichuan Basin, SW China: New evidence from calcium and sulphur isotopes and microfabrics[J].Ore Geology Reviews, 139:104439.
GONG Daxing, ZHOU Jiayun, WU Chihua, et al., 2015.Lithofacies paleogeography and salt-forming model of Lower-Middle Triassic in the Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 89(11): 2075-2086(in Chinese with English abstract).
HAN Weitian, GU Shuqi, CAI Keqin, 1982.On the formative conditios of polyhalite in the six-component system K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+/Cl-, S
-H2O[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 27(6):362-365(in Chinese).
HANDFORD C R, LOUCKS R G, 1993.Carbonate depositional sequences and systems tracts-responses of carbonate platforms to relative sea-level changes.carbonate sequence stratigraphy[J].Ecological Economics, 57(1): 3-41.
HE Dengfa, LI Desheng, ZHANG Guowei, et al., 2011.Formation and evolution of multi-cycle superposed Sichuan Basin, China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology, 46(3): 589-606(in Chinese with English abstract).
HOU Xuewen, GONG Daxing, WEN Huaguo, et al., 2020.Study on the temporal and spatial distribution, microscopic characteristics and genesis of Triassic polyhalite in Sichuan Basin[J].Geological Review, 66(6): 1555-1571(in Chinese with English abstract).
HU Mingyi, WEI Guoqi, LI Sitian, et al., 2010.Characteristics of sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Jialingjiang Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 28(6): 1145-1152(in Chinese with English abstract).
HUANG Hanyu, HE Dengfa, LI Yingqiang, et al., 2019.Determination and formation mechanism of the Luzhou paleo-uplift in the southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 26(1): 102-120(in Chinese with English abstract).
KENDALL A C, 1992.Evaporites\\WALKER R G, JAMES N P(Eds.), Facies models: Reponses to sea level change[M].Canada: Geological Association of Canada.
LEI Bianjun, ZHOU Yuezong, YANG Jinli, et al., 2006.Sedimentary facies of the Second Member of the Jialingjiang Formation in the central-southern Sichuan transition zone and its distribution characteristics[J].Geology in China, 33(5):1149-1158(in Chinese with English abstract).
LEITNER C, WIESMAIER S, KÖSTER M H, et al., 2017.Alpine halite-mudstone-polyhalite tectonite: Sedimentology and early diagenesis of evaporites in an ancient rift setting (Haselgebirge Formation, eastern Alps)[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin, 129(11/12): 1537-1553.
LI Dongdong, 2015.Development and Application of Multi Temperature Thermodynamic Phase Equilibrium Model for Li-Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4-H2O[D].Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Dongdong, GAO Dandan, BIAN Shaoju, et al., 2021.Revisiting the crystallization field of polyhalite in the Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+//Cl–, S
-H2O hesary system[J].Earth Science Froniters, 28(6): 46-55(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Yawen, CAI Keqin, HAN Tianwei, 1998.Origin of potassium-rich brine and the metamorphism of Triassic evaporites in Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience, 12(2): 222-228(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Yawen, HAN Tianwei, 1987.An experimental study on the formative conditions of polyhalite in Triassic system in Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience, 1(3-4): 400-411(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIN Yaoting, BIAN Muying, 2001.Distribution of carbonate component as salt-forming mark in Triassic evaporite in Sichuan Basin[J].Geology of Chemical Minerals, 23(3):145-150(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIN Yaoting, CHEN Shaolan, 2008.Discussion on the Evaporite Generating Modes, Saltforming Mechanism and Potassium-hunting Prospect of Lower-middle Triassic in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research, 16(3): 1-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIN Yaoting, GAO Limin, SONG Hebin, 1998.Sulfur isotopic composition of the marine Triassic in the Sichuan Basin and its geological significance[J].Geology and Geochemistry, 26(4): 43-49(in Chinese with English abstract).
PERYT T M, PIERRE C, GRYNIV S P, 1998.Origin of polyhalite deposits in the Zechstein (Upper Permian) Zdrada platform(northern Poland)[J].Sedimentology, 45(3): 565-578.
PERYT T M, TOMASSI-MORAWIEC H, CZAPOWSKI G, et al., 2005.Polyhalite occurrence in the Werra (Zechstein, Upper Permian) peribaltic Basin of Poland and Russia: Evaporite facies constraints[J].Carbonates Evaporites, 20(2): 182-194.
RETALLACK G J, 2013.Permian and Triassic greenhouse crises[J].Gondwana Research, 24: 90-103.
RETALLACK G J, SHELDON N D, CARR, et al., 2011.Multiple Early Triassic Greenhouse crises impeded recovery from Late Permian mass extinction[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308(1-2): 233-251.
SCHREIBER B C, TABAKH M, 2000.Deposition and early alteration of evaporites[J].Sedimentology, 47(S1): 215-238.
SHABAFROOZ R, MAHBOUBI A, MOUSSAVI-HARAMI R, et al., 2013.Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy of the evaporite bearing Sachun Formation at the type locality, South East Zagros Basin, Iran[J].Carbonates Evaporites, 28(4): 457-474.
SHANG Wenjun, ZHANG Yongsheng, LI Kong, et al., 2021b.Evidence of sulfur isotope about the sedimentary environment of new type of polyhalite potassium ore in the northeast Sichuan Basin[J].Carbonates and Evaporites, 36(3): 56.
SHANG Wenjun, ZHANG Yongsheng, XING Enyuan, et al., 2021.The source material for a new type of polyhalite potassium ore in the Puguang area, northeast Sichuan: Evidence from Sr and S isotopes[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 95(2): 506-516(in Chinese with English abstract).
SHANG Wenjun, ZHENG Mianping, ZHANG Yongsheng, et al., 2021a.Characteristics and origin of a new type of polyhalite potassium ore in the Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, Puguang area, northeastern Sichuan Basin, SW China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography, 10(1): 4.
STRASSER A, PITTET B, HILLGÄRTNER H, et al., 1999.Depositional sequences in shallow carbonate-dominated sedimentary systems: concepts for a high-resolution analysis[J].Sedimentary Geology, 128(3-4): 201-221.
SUN Hongwei, CAO Yangtong, ZHANG Hua, 2014.The geneses of polyhalite in evaporite basin and their significance in potash formation[J].Geology of Chemical Minerals, 36(1):8-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
TANG Min, LIU Chenglin, JIAO Pengcheng, et al., 2009.Quantitative Analysis and Significance of the Marine Potash Deposits in the World[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 27(2):326-333(in Chinese with English abstract).
TUCKER M E, 1991.Sequence stratigraphy of carbonate-evaporite basins: Models and application to the Upper Permian (Zechstein) of northeast England and adjoining North Sea[J].Journal of the Geological Society, 148(6): 1019-1036.
TWITCHETT R J, 2007.The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian event[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 252(1-2): 132-144.
VAIL P R, AUDEMARD F, BOWMAN S A, et al., 1991.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustasy and sedimentologyan overview[C]//EINSEKE G, RICKEN W, SEILACHER A (eds) Cycles Events Stratigraphy.Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
WANG Shuli, ZHENG Mianping, 2014.Discovery of Triassic polyhalite in Changshou area of East Sichuan Basin and its genetic study[J].Mineral Deposits, 33(5): 1045-1056(in Chinese with English abstract).
WARREN J K, 2006.Evaporites: sediments, resources and hydrocarbons[M].Berlin: Springer.
WARREN J K, 2010.Evaporites through time: Tectonic, climatic and eustatic controls in marine and nonmarine deposits[J].Earth-Science Reviews, 98(3-4): 217-268.
WILSON J L, 1975.Carbonate Facies in Geologic History[M].Berlin: Springer.
YUAN Jianqi, 1980.Some problems on metallogenic theory of potassium salt deposit[J].Geological review, 26(1): 56-59(in Chinese).
ZHANG Xiong, ZHU Zhengjie, CUI Zhiwei, et al., 2022.Genesis of Polyhalite and Its Significance of Jialingjiang Formation in Dianjiang Salt Basin, Eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science, 47(1): 27-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Yongsheng, ZHENG Mianping, XING Enyuan, et al., 2021.Discovery of thick marine soluble “new type of polyhalite potassium salt” orebody from No.1 well in the Chuanxuandi area[J].Geology in China, 48(1): 343-344(in Chinese).
ZHAO Dejun, HAN Weitian, CAI Keqin, et al., 1987.The study of polyhalite genesis and its significance of potash-finding in Dawenkou Depression, Shandong Province[J].Earth Science, 12(4): 349-356(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Yanjun, LIU Chenglin, GONG Daxing, et al., 2015.The Luzhou-Kaijiang paleouplift control on the formation environments of Triassic salt and potassium of deposits in eastern Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 89(11): 1983-1989(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHENG Mianping, YUAN Heran, ZHANG Yongsheng, et al., 2010.Regional Distribution and Prospects of Potash in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 84(11): 1523-1553(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHENG Mianping, ZHANG Yongsheng, SHANG Wenjun, et al., 2018.Discovery of a new type of polyhalite potassium ore in Puguang region, northeastern Sichuan[J].Geology in China, 45(5): 1074-1075(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHONG Jiaai, ZHENG Mianping, TANG Xue, et al., 2018.Sedimentary characteristics of Deep Polyhalite in HuangJingKou anticline of Northeast Sichuan and its genetic study[J].Mineral Deposits, 37(1): 81-90(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHONG Jiaai, ZHENG Mianping, ZHANG Yongsheng, et al., 2020.Sedimentary and geochemical characteristics of Triassic new type of polyhalite potassium resources in Northeast Sichuan and its genetic study[J].Scientific Reports, 10(1): 13528.
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 36
- PDF下载数: 6
- 施引文献: 0