Reverse Weathering in Salt Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Implications for Key Element Cycling
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摘要: 盐湖环境中的反风化(reverse weathering, 又称逆风化)是指逆向的化学风化作用, 通常指盐湖内部自生黏土矿物或碳酸盐矿物的形成过程, 是控制盐湖关键元素地球化学循环的重要机制。青藏高原是地球上关键的盐湖区, 既是内陆生态系统重要的碳库, 又富含锂、钾、铷、铯等关键矿产资源。青藏高原盐湖的水化学类型多样, 包括碳酸盐型、硫酸盐型和氯化物型, 不同的水化学特征决定了盐类和黏土矿物的种类及其形成机制的差异。本文综述了盐湖环境中硅酸盐和碳酸盐反风化作用的研究进展, 并探讨青藏高原盐湖反风化作用对关键元素地球化学循环的影响。青藏高原盐湖中自生黏土矿物的形成(如伊利石)是对盐湖卤水锂、钾、铷、铯等关键元素最重要的消耗机制; 而碳酸盐的形成对关键金属元素消耗影响很小, 除非形成含关键金属元素的独立矿物, 如扎布耶石。自生黏土矿物和碳酸盐的形成均会显著影响湖泊的无机碳循环。目前, 盐湖反风化作用程度的量化、控制因素解析和对关键元素损耗的影响程度是盐湖矿产资源研究的关键问题。当前非传统稳定同位素技术的快速发展为盐湖反风化研究提供了新机遇。青藏高原盐湖是反风化研究的天然实验室, 开展盐湖反风化研究不仅可以深入理解青藏高原盐湖的关键金属元素成矿作用及碳循环过程, 而且有助于丰富反风化理论。Abstract: Reverse weathering in salt lake environments, also known as reverse chemical weathering, refers to the process by which authigenic clay minerals or carbonates form within the lake.This mechanism plays a crucial role in regulating the geochemical cycling of key elements in these environments.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) represents a globally significant salt lake region, functioning as a major carbon sink for inland ecosystems, and is rich in essential mineral resources such as lithium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium.Salt lakes in the QTP exhibit diverse water chemistry types, including carbonate, sulfate, and chloride, with each type influencing the types and formation mechanisms of salts and clay minerals differently.This paper reviews recent advances in the study of reverse weathering in salt lake environments and examines how reverse weathering processes in QTP salt lakes affect the geochemical cycling of key elements.The formation of authigenic clay minerals (e.g., illite) in these lakes is a primary mechanism for the consumption of critical elements such as lithium, potassium, rubidium in the brines.In contrast, the formation of carbonates has a relatively minor impact on the consumption of these elements unless it involves the formation of critical metal-containing minerals such as zabuyelite.Both authigenic clay minerals and carbonates significantly influence the inorganic carbon cycles of the lakes.Quantifying the extent of reverse weathering, elucidating the limiting factors, and assessing the impact of key element depletion are pivotal issues in studying salt lake mineral resources.The rapid advancement of nontraditional stable isotope techniques offers new opportunities for reverse weathering research.Salt lakes in the QTP serve as natural laboratories for reverse weathering studies, providing insights into critical metal element formation and carbon cycling processes and contributing to the theoretical development of reverse weathering.
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