Spatiotemporal evolution of impervious surface and the driving factors in Chenggong District,Kunming City
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摘要: 地表不透水面是衡量城市生态环境的关键因素,及时准确地掌握不透水面的动态变化对城市发展规划具有重要意义。以昆明市呈贡区为研究区,基于2007年、2011年、2015年、2019年4期Landsat影像为数据源,对比研究归一化差值不透水面指数(normalized difference impervious surface index,NDISI)和调整型土壤调节植被指数(modified soil adjusted vegetation index,MSAVI)2种方法的提取精度,择优提取呈贡区不透水面,并分析呈贡区不透水面时空动态变化。结果表明: NDISI平均提取精度为87.01%,平均Kappa系数为0.81,优于MSAVI的81.78%和0.75,故选用NDISI方法提取呈贡区不透水面; 2007—2019年间,呈贡区不透水面快速增长,其面积由2007年的46.12 km2增长到2011年的72.64 km2,2015年的146.94 km2,2019年的164.42 km2,尤其是2011—2015年,不透水面面积增长速度最快,增长近一倍; 呈贡区不透水面变化主要受国家政策、城市规划、地形因素和交通发展等因素影响,呈贡区西部的滇池方向以及中部几个街道办事处增加较快,对城市内涝、滇池防治带来一定的压力。在未来城市规划过程中,应协调好不透水面的扩张范围和速度,避免不透水面空间格局不合理带来生态环境问题。Abstract: Impervious surface is a key factor to measure the urban ecological environment. It is of great significance for urban development planning to grasp the dynamic changes of impervious surfaces timely and accurately. Taking the Chenggong District of Kunming City as an example, based on the Landsat images in 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019, the comparative study of normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI) and modified soil adjusted vegetation index(MSAVI) was carried out to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of impervious surface. The results showed that: ①As the extraction accuracy and Kappa coefficient of NDISI were 87.01% and 0.81, respectively, which were better than MSAVI’s 81.78% and 0.75, this paper selected the NDISI method to extract impervious surfaces in the Chenggong District;② the impervious surface area extracted in this paper increased from 46.12 km2 in 2007 to 72.64 km2 in 2011, 146.94 km2 in 2015 and 164.42 km2 in 2019, especially from 2011 to 2015, the impervious surface area had the fastest growth rate and nearly doubled. The changes to the impervious surface in Chenggong District are mainly influenced by such factors as national policies, urban planning, topographic factors, and traffic development. The impervious surface area along the Dianchi Lake in the west of Chenggong District and several administrative regions in the middle of Chenggong District developed rapidly, which brings certain pressure on the prevention and control of waterlogging in urban areas and the Dianchi Lake area. In the process of future urban planning, the expansion scope and speed of impervious surfaces should be well controlled to avoid ecological and environmental problems caused by the unreasonable spatial patterns of impervious surfaces.
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