Impacts of floating solar parks on spatial pattern of land surface temperature
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摘要: 近些年我国光伏产业发展迅速,评估大型光伏电场对环境的影响对指导光伏产业的健康发展具有重要意义。光伏电场对局地热环境的改变开始得到了国内外研究人员的关注。浮岛(也称水面漂浮式)光伏电场作为近年来光伏发电的新开发模式,其对地表温度(land surface temperature, LST)空间分布特征的影响尚不清晰。该文基于Landsat8时间序列遥感数据,利用单通道算法提取了安徽省淮南市典型浮岛光伏电场及其邻近区域的LST数据集,通过构建逐月LST与对应月份的气温之差(LSTs-a)判断光伏电场对LST空间分布特征的影响模式、影响范围和季节差异进行了分析,并明确了建设区不同建设阶段对LST的影响程度。结果表明: ①浮岛光伏电场的建设明显改变了建设区的热环境,在温度变化最明显的夏季和冬季都存在增温效应,增温效应主要集中在建设区200 m范围内,对其周围典型地类的增温效应非常微弱。②浮岛光伏电场建设阶段和建成阶段,建设区的月均LST普遍高于水体,接近于林地的LST; 2个阶段的年均增温幅度分别为3.26 ℃和4.50 ℃。③该研究可为光伏电场对局地环境影响评价的相关研究提供借鉴,并建议从无云时间序列LST构建,光伏电场增/降温幅度的分离,不同下垫面光伏电场对邻域LST空间分布特征的影响范围、程度与归因分析等方面进行深入研究。Abstract: With the rapid development of China’s photovoltaic industry in recent years, the assessment of the impacts of the large-scale solar parks on the environment is greatly significant for guiding the healthy development of the photovoltaic industry. The changes in the local thermal environment induced by solar parks have attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad. Floating solar parks (also known as floating-on-water solar parks) serve as a new development mode of photovoltaic power generation in recent years. However, their impacts on the spatial pattern of land surface temperature(LST) are currently unclear. Using the single-channel algorithm, this study extracted the LST dataset of the floating solar park in Huainan City and its adjacent areas from Landsat8 time-series remote sensing data. Then, this study determined the differences between monthly LST and air temperature of the corresponding month (LSTs-a) and analyzed the influencing mode and scopes of floating solar parks on the spatial pattern of LST, as well as their seasonal differences. Finally, this study ascertained the influencing degrees of different construction stages on LST in the construction area. The results are as follows. ① The construction of the floating solar park significantly changed the thermal environment of the construction area, and warming effect occurred during both summer and winter when the temperature changes the most appearantly. Moreover, the warming effect mainly concentrated with 200 m of the construction area, while being very weak in typical surrounding land cover. ② During the construction and the completion phases of the floating solar park, the average monthly LST in the construction area was generally higher than that of the water body and was close to that in the forest. The average annual LST increased by 3.26 ℃ and 4.50 ℃, respectively in the construction and the completion phases. ③ This study can serve as a reference for the related research on assessing the impacts of the floating solar parks on the local environment. The authors recommended conducting an in-depth study from the aspects of the construction of cloudless time-series LST datasets, the separation of the increased/decreased amplitude of the temperature induced by floating solar parks, and the influencing scope and degrees and the genesis analysis of the distribution pattern of LST on the different types of land cover in a floating solar park and its adjacent areas.
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