Remote sensing-based green space evolution in Tangshan and its influence on heat island effect
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摘要: 城市环境问题是当今世界面临的重要问题,城市热岛问题是其中重要研究方向之一,伴随着城市扩张、人口增加,城市热岛效应也发生着显著的变化。以Landsat系列卫星资料为数据源,河北省唐山市中心城区为主要研究区,利用辐射传输方程、监督分类、重心迁移、随机采样等方法,分析绿色空间演化对城市温度变化的影响。研究结果表明: ①研究时段内,热岛发展方向和面积与城市快速发展的规模和方向较为一致,冷热岛重心的迁移方向和绿色空间、城镇重心迁移方向相类似,冷岛重心迁移距离要大于热岛重心; ②城市绿色空间持续损失,其中农业用地损失面积最大,为55.79 km2,城镇用地增加面积最大,为47.85 km2; ③在不同时期,冷热岛演化的趋势与绿色空间演化趋势不一致,这或许与绿色空间存量有一定关系; ④绿色空间扩张对于城市地表降温的作用(-0.16 ℃)远小于绿色空间损失造成的地表升温作用(6.37 ℃)。研究结果能给城市规划提供参考,合理布局绿色空间,保留足够的绿色空间存量,有效降低城市热岛效应的发展速度。Abstract: The urban environment is an important issue in the whole world, and the urban heat island (UHI) effect is one of the important research topics. Owing to the expansion of the urban area and the increase in population, the urban heat island effect has also significantly changed. With the Landsat imageries as the data source and the central urban area of Tangshan City, Hebei Province as the main study area, this study analyzed the impacts of green space evolution on urban temperature change using the methods such as the radiative transfer equation algorithm, supervised classification, gravity center shift, and random sampling. The results are as follows. ① During the study period, the development direction and area of UHIs were roughly consistent with the scale and direction of rapid urban development. Moreover, the migration directions of the gravity centers of the UCI/UHIs were similar to those of the green space and urban area, with the migration distance of the gravity centers of UCIs greater than that of the UHIs. ② The urban green space (UGS) has been continuously lost during the study period, with the largest loss area of approximately 55.79 km2 occurring in agricultural land. Moreover, the largest increased area occurred in urban land and was approximately 47.85 km2. ③ The evolutionary trends of UCIs/UHIs were inconsistent with those of the UGS in different periods. This result may be related to the stock of green space. ④ The cooling effect on the urban surface (-0.16 ℃) induced by green space expansion was much smaller than the warming effect on the urban surface (6.37 ℃) caused by green space loss. The research results will provide a reference for urban planning in order to rationally arrange green space, retain sufficient green space, and effectively reduce the development speed of UHIs.
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Key words:
- urban heat island /
- landsat /
- green space evolution /
- temperature influences
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