Remote sensing monitoring based analysis of the spatio-temporal changing characteristics of regional urban expansion and urban land cover in China’s coastal zones
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摘要: 城市扩展及地表覆盖结构的变化在很大程度上影响城市生态环境甚至生态安全。中国海岸带区域城市人口和经济活动高度集聚,城市化速度快,引起了城市扩展及城市地表覆盖结构的剧烈变化。然而,目前对于海岸带区域的城市扩展及地表覆盖状况的认识仍不清晰。本研究利用30 m空间分辨率全球城市土地利用/覆盖变化数据产品,从多个角度剖析了海岸带区域城市扩展和地表覆盖结构的时空分异特征。结果表明: ①中国海岸带区域城市土地面积由2000年的1.66万km2增加到2020年的4.80万km2,扩展强度为9.41%。41.03%的城市以高强度扩展,这些高强度扩展城市主要位于中北部海岸带。海岸带区域城市在加速扩展,2000—2010年的扩展速度为1 260.04 km2/a,2010—2020年城市扩展速度上升为1 871.74 km2/a。②20 a间城市不透水面面积持续增加,但城市不透水面比例下降,城市绿地空间比例升高。2000年时,海岸带区域城市不透水面和城市绿地空间面积分别占城市土地面积的69.49%和20.81%,到2020年,分别占63.70%和26.72%。③海岸带区域83.33%城市的扩展超前于人口增长。小城市的地均国内生产总值大,用地效率高。研究结果可为海岸带区域城市规划和可持续发展提供重要的科学依据和决策支持。Abstract: Changes in urban expansion and urban land cover structures greatly affect the urban ecological environment and even ecological security. The highly concentrated urban population and economic activities and the resultant rapid urbanization have caused dramatic changes in urban expansion and urban land cover structures in China’s coastal zone. However, previous study data are insufficient for a clear understanding of the urban expansion and urban land cover structures in China’s coastal zone. In light of this, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal changing characteristics of the abovementioned aspects from multiple perspectives using the global urban land use/cover composites with 30 m spatial resolution (GULUC-30). The results are as follows. The urban land area in China’s coastal zone increased from 16 600 km2 in 2000 to 48 000 km2 in 2020, with an expansion intensity of 9.41%. The regional cities in high-density expansion accounted for 41.03% and were mainly located in the north-central portion of the coastal zone. Cities in China’s coastal zone were expanding rapidly at a rate of 1 260.04 km2/a from 2000 to 2010 and 1 871.74 km2/a from 2010 to 2020. The urban impervious surface area had continued to increase over the past two decades. However, the proportion of the urban impervious surface decreased while that of urban green space increased. In 2000, the areas of urban impervious surface and urban green space in China’s coastal zone accounted for 69.49% and 20.81% of the urban land area, respectively. By 2020, they accounted for 63.70% and 26.72%, respectively. The urban expansion of 83.33% of the cities in China’s coastal zone was ahead of the urban population growth. The small cities have large GDP per urban land and high land use efficiency. The study can provide an important scientific basis and decision support for regional urban planning and sustainable development of China’s coastal zone.
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Key words:
- China’s coastal zone /
- urban expansion /
- land use/cover /
- impervious surface /
- green space
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