摘要:
为研究雄安新区1991—2021年间土地利用与植被覆盖变化,以5个时期的Landsat TM\OLI数据为基础,采用GIS技术与图谱融合法探究雄安新区30 a土地利用变化特征; 利用像元二分模型提取植被覆盖信息,并分析30 a植被覆盖变化特征; 利用地理探测器模型探测植被覆盖变化的潜在驱动因素,并借鉴图谱融合法分析土地利用变化对植被覆盖变化的影响。结果表明: ①1991—2021年,雄安新区建设用地面积整体增长108.09 km2,转入面积主要来源于耕地和其他用地; 其他用地面积整体减少108.17 km2,流出面积主要变成耕地; 林草地面积增加11.56 km2,转入面积主要来源于水域和其他用地; 水域面积减少38.76 km2,主要流向耕地和其他用地; 耕地面积无明显变化。②30 a间,雄安新区植被覆盖情况整体较好,中、高及以上植被覆盖度面积占比超过50.00%,整体呈现“安新县高,容城县中等,雄县低”的空间分布。从阶段性变化来看,1991—2001年呈退化趋势,退化面积占比达到39.15%; 2001—2021年呈改善趋势,改善面积占比最高达到47.55%。③植被覆盖变化存在空间分异性,人口密度变化、GDP变化、土壤类型和土壤质地对植被覆盖变化具有较大影响,高程和坡度对其影响较小; 建设用地和其他用地向耕地的转化是植被明显改善的重要原因,耕地向其他用地的转化是植被严重退化的重要原因。研究结果可为雄安新区的可持续发展提供一定的科学依据和对策建议。
Abstract:
This study aims to analyze the changes in the land use and vegetation cover in the Xiong'an New Area from 1991 to 2021. To this end, this study explored the characteristics of the land use changes in the area over the 30 years based on the Landsat TM\OLI data of five periods using the GIS technology and map fusion method. Then, it extracted the vegetation cover information using the dimidiate pixel model and analyzed the changes in the vegetation cover. Furthermore, this study explored the potential factors driving the vegetation cover change in the area using the geographic detector model and analyzed the impact of land use change on vegetation cover change by referencing the existing map fusion method. The results show that: ① From 1991 to 2021, the construction land in Xiong’an New Area increased by 108.09 km2, primarily transformed from farmland and other types of land; other types of land reduced by 108.17 km2, predominantly transformed to farmland; forestland and grassland increased by 11.56 km2, mainly transformed from water areas and other types of land; the water area decreased by 38.76 km2, mainly transformed to farmland and other types of land; and the area of farmland roughly remained unchanged; ② Over the 30 years, the Xiong’an New Area generally exhibited high vegetation coverage, and the area with moderate and high vegetation coverage and above accounted for more than 50.00%. The vegetation coverage in the Xiong’an New Area presented an overall spatial distribution pattern characterized by high in Anxin County, moderate in Rongcheng County, and low in Xiong County. Regarding the phased changes, this area showed a degradation trend from 1991 to 2001, and the area with degraded vegetation cover accounted for 39.15%. From 2001 to 2021, this area exhibited an improvement trend, the area with improved vegetation cover accounted for up to 47.55%; ③ The vegetation cover change showed spatial differentiation, significantly affected by the population density, GDP, soil type, and soil quality but slightly affected by the elevation and slope. The transformation of construction land and other types of land to farmland acted as an important reason for the improvement in vegetation cover, while the transformation of farmland to construction land and other types of land served as an important reason for vegetation degradation. The results of this study can, to some extent, provide a scientific basis and suggestions for the sustainable development of Xiong’an New Area.
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