摘要:
山西省是全国重要的煤炭基地,大范围、高强度的煤炭资源开采对生态环境造成了破坏,因此对其生态环境演变进行研究具有重要意义。该文基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台,应用MODIS影像计算山西省范围内2000—2022年的长时间序列的遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index, RSEI),用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法对RSEI的演变趋势进行分析,用Pettitt突变检验法对RSEI突变进行分析,用皮尔逊相关系数对RSEI与气候因子的相关性进行分析。结果表明: 山西省2000—2022年近23 a间平均生态质量较好,但全省的煤炭矿区平均生态质量一般,降水量和气温的空间分布对RSEI的空间分布具有较大的解释力。全省大部分区域RSEI演变趋势为提升,降低的区域主要集中在煤炭矿区和人口密集和经济发达的盆地区域。全省生态质量从较差提升到一般,再提升到较好,演变过程大致可以分为4个阶段,2000—2006年是波动上升期,2006—2012年是稳定期,2012—2019年是向上波动期,2019—2022年是持续上升期; 全省的煤炭矿区生态质量从较差提升到较好,演变过程大致也可以分为4个阶段,2000—2006年是波动上升期,2006—2012年是稳定期,2012—2019年是波动下降期,2019—2022年是持续上升期; 2010年为山西省生态质量突变年份,山西省及其煤炭矿区生态质量在2010年前向好,在2010年后全面提升。降水量年际变化对生态质量的影响总体是正向的,而气温年际变化对生态质量的影响不显著。
Abstract:
Shanxi Province is recognized as a significant coal base in China. The extensive and intensive coal mining activities have adversely affected the local ecology, rendering the research on ecological evolution in Shanxi Province highly significant. Utilizing the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study calculated the 2000-2022 remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) of Shanxi Province using images from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The Mann-Kendall trend analysis method was employed to analyze the evolutionary trends of RSEI, while Pettitt mutation tests were conducted to identify RSEI mutations. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between RSEI and climatic factors. The results indicate that Shanxi Province exhibited relatively high ecological quality on average during the period. However, the coal mining areas in the province displayed moderate ecological quality overall. The spatial distribution of precipitation and temperature can effectively account for the spatial distribution of RSEI. Most regions in Shanxi Province showed an upward trend in RSEI, with areas with reduced RSEI predominantly located in coal mining areas and basin areas with high population density and a developed economy. During the 23 years, the ecological quality in Shanxi Province has evolved from poor to moderate and then to relatively good, increased while fluctuating from 2000 to 2006, kept stable from 2006 to 2012, regressed after increase from 2012 to 2019, and continuously increased from 2019 to 2022. Similarly, the ecological quality in coal mining areas has shifted from relatively poor to relatively good, increased while fluctuating from 2000 to 2006, kept stable from 2006 to 2012, decreased while fluctuating from 2012 to 2019, and continuously increased from 2019 to 2022. The year 2010 is identified as a pivotal point for the ecological quality of Shanxi Province, with the ecological quality trending upward from 2000 to 2010 and comprehensively improving after 2010 across the province and its coal mining areas. The interannual variations in precipitation generally produce positive impacts on the ecological quality, while the variations in interannual temperature exert insignificant impacts.
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