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摘要:
湖北某锌冶炼渣铜品位约为1.01%，铜主要以类质同象形式赋存于磁黄铁矿中，其次是铁氧化物（磁铁矿和赤铁矿）中，主要脉石矿物为玻璃质等。该论文首先研究锌冶炼渣的矿物组成及铜的赋存状态，之后分别对原渣样品和渣磁选除铁尾矿进行了选铜工艺试验，探索了不同种类抑制剂和捕收剂对铜金属回收的影响。结果表明，原冶炼渣样粗选采用丁铵黑药+乙硫氮组合捕收剂，经过1次粗选、2次精选和1次扫选开路选别流程，可以得到铜品位5.10%、回收率66.09%的铜精矿。冶炼渣磁选除铁尾矿粗选采用丁铵黑药捕收剂，经过1次粗选、2次精选和1次扫选开路选别流程，可以得到铜品位3.45%、相对磁选尾矿回收率57.61%的铜精矿。
Abstract:The copper grade of a complex zinc smelting slag from Hubei is around 1.01%. The main occurrence state of the copper is in the form of isomorphism in pyrrhotite, then is in the iron oxide (magnetite and hematite). Gangue minerals are mainly glassiness. After researching the mineral composition and copper occurrence state, the experiments on recovery of copper were carried out for raw smelting slag samples and tailings after magnetic separation, respectively. The influence of different types of activators and collectors on copper recovery was launched. The results indicate that, using combined collectors of ammonium aerofloat + ethyl thiocarbamate for roughing process of raw smelting slag samples, adopting open-circuit flotation technological flowsheet of one roughing, two cleaning and one scavenging, copper concentrate with a copper grade of 5.10% and recovery of 66.09% can be obtained. Using collector of ammonium aerofloat for roughing process of raw smelting slag tailings after magnetic separation, adopting open-circuit flotation technological flowsheet of one roughing, two cleaning and one scavenging, copper concentrate with a copper grade of 3.45% and recovery of 57.61% can be obtained.
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Key words:
- zinc smelting slag /
- pyrrhotite /
- magnetite /
- hematite /
- flotation
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表 1 锌冶炼渣样的矿物组成
Table 1. Analysis results of mineral composition of zinc smelting slag
Mineral Pyrrhotite (Cu) Pyrite Sphalerite Magnetite-Hematite Glass_FeCaAlSiO Fayalite-Glass_FeSiO Diopside-Glass_CaSiO Plagioclase-Glass_KCaAlSiO Quartz Dolomite Hedenbergite Other Content/% 9.01 0.07 5.68 9.11 56.60 7.39 5.45 4.08 1.25 0.24 0.17 0.95 
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表 2 锌冶炼渣样中Cu的赋存状态
Table 2. Cu occurrence state of zinc smelting slag
Mineral Chalcopyrite Bornite Chalcocite Pyrrhotite (Cu) Sphalerite Magnetite-Hematite Glass_FeCaAlSiO Fayalite-Glass_FeSiO Diopside-Glass_CaSiO Plagioclase-Glass_KCaAlSiO Kaolinite-Glass_AlSiO Total Cu Content/% 34.5 60.1 79.8 6.58 0.79 3.05 0.10 0.13 0.03 0.06 0.05 1.01 Cu distribution/% 0.45 1.07 0.83 58.75 4.43 27.52 5.62 0.94 0.16 0.16 0.07 100
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表 3 捕收剂用量对铜品位和回收率的影响
Table 3. Effect of collector dosage on copper grade and recovery
Collector dosage g/t Products Yield/% Grade/% Recovery/% 200+200 Cu rough concentrate 32.5 2.11 67.91 tailings 67.5 0.48 32.09 slag 100.00 1.01 100.00 300+200 Cu rough concentrate 36.68 2.17 78.12 tailings 63.32 0.35 21.88 slag 100.00 1.02 100.00 450+200 Cu rough concentrate 40.5 2.01 80.85 tailings 59.5 0.32 19.15 slag 100.00 1.01 100.00 300+100 Cu rough concentrate 31.94 2.28 70.39 tailings 68.06 0.45 29.61 slag 100.00 1.03 100.00 300+300 Cu rough concentrate 33.78 2.31 76.61 tailings 66.22 0.36 23.39 slag 100.00 1.02 100.00
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表 4 锌冶炼渣开路浮选试验结果
Table 4. Open-circuit test results of smelting slag
Product Yield/% Cu grade/% Zn grade/% Fe grade/% Cu recovery/% Concentrate 13.34 5.10 10.05 27.37 66.09 Middling 1 6.81 1.08 1.61 23.98 7.18 Middling 2 18.92 0.61 1.19 21.96 11.16 Middling 3 17.11 0.42 0.65 16.49 7.02 Tailings 43.82 0.20 1.08 24.16 8.55 Slag 100.00 1.03 2.26 22.85 100.00
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表 5 锌冶炼渣磁选尾矿开路浮选试验结果(相对磁选尾矿的试验结果)
Table 5. Open-circuit flotation test results of the tailings after magnetic separation
Product Yield/% Cu grade/% Zn grade/% Fe grade/% Cu recovery/% Concentrate 12.38 3.45 10.40 25.95 57.62 Middling 1 7.28 0.73 1.61 15.77 7.17 Middling 2 14.79 0.62 2.48 15.93 12.37 Middling 3 15.88 0.44 1.91 10.95 9.43 Tailings 49.67 0.20 1.28 14.32 13.41 Flotation feed 100.00 0.74 2.71 15.57 100.00
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