微细粒矿物分选技术研究进展

陈文胜; 付君浩; 韩海生; 穆迎迎; 高建德

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2020.04.016

微细粒矿物分选技术研究进展

1.
中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南长沙 410083

2.
湖南有色郴州氟化学有限公司，湖南郴州 423000

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金青年项目（51804340）；矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金（BGRIMM-KJSKL-2019）

详细信息

作者简介: 陈文胜, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为氧化矿浮选, E-mail:245322758@qq.com

通讯作者: 付君浩, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为微细矿物浮选, E-mail:fujunhao@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD91

收稿日期: 2020-03-25

Advance in the Separation of Ultrafine Minerals

1.
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

2.
Hunan Nonferrous Chenzhou Fluorine Chemical Co. LTD, Chenzhou 423000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Junhao FU, fujunhao@csu.edu.cn

Received Date: 25 March 2020

摘要

摘要: 我国矿产资源的典型特点是贫、细、杂，随着粗粒嵌布矿产和富矿的日渐枯竭，微细粒矿物在不久的将来必定成为资源提取的主体，如何保证其高效回收是我国矿产资源利用面临的重大问题。本文总结了近年来微细粒分选技术的发展，深入剖析了微细粒矿物高效开发利用的瓶颈问题。增大颗粒的"表观粒径"，将微细粒浮选的问题转化为常规浮选；根据颗粒与气泡的匹配性原理减小气泡尺寸和高选择性新型浮选药剂的设计与开发，依然是微细矿物浮选分离发展的重要方向。选择性磁团聚—磁选分离技术可以克服传统微细颗粒浮选在气泡颗粒碰撞效率、矿浆流变性和溶液化学环境适应性等方面的不足，具有一定潜力。但是颗粒间的碰撞、吸附、团聚和脱附过程及机制尚未形成系统的理论，其工业化应用还有很长的距离。总而言之，传统单一分选技术很难突破现有技术瓶颈，微细粒矿物高效分离问题的解决必须在交叉领域寻求突破。
- 微细粒矿物 /
- 聚团—浮选 /
- 微气泡 /
- 新型捕收剂 /
- 磁絮凝分选
Abstract: The typical characteristics of mineral resources in China are low grade, fine size and complicated. Fine minerals have become an important part of the mineral resources, which may become the main body of resource extraction in the near future. The efficient exploitation and utilization of ultrafine minerals are of great significance to the mineral resources guarantee of China. In this paper the development of ultrafine minerals separation technology in recent years is summarized. The bottleneck problems of efficient utilization of ultrafine minerals are analyzed. Increasing the "apparent particle size", development of new flotation agents, and decreasing bubble size are still important directions for the flotation separation of ultrafine minerals. The selective magnetic flocculation separation technology can overcome the shortcomings of traditional fine particle flotation, such as low bubble particle collision efficiency, pulp rheology, solution chemical environment adaptability and so on. However, there is no systematic theory about the process and mechanism of particle collision, adsorption, agglomeration, and desorption yet. The industrial application is still a long way off. In a word, the traditional single separation technology is difficult to break through the bottleneck of the existing technology. The solution to the problem of efficient separation of ultrafine minerals depends on the innovation in the cross field.
- ultrafine minerals /
- agglomeration-flotation /
- microbubbles /
- new type of collector /
- magnetic flocculation separation

HTML全文

图 1 微细颗粒对矿物浮选过程中的影响

Figure 1.

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图 2 常规颗粒(A)和微细颗粒(B)与气泡碰撞机制的示意图(实线代表粒子轨迹，虚线代表流体流线)

Figure 2.

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图 3 高强度的剪切搅拌条件下絮团的生成示意图

Figure 3.

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图 4 颗粒粒度和粒度分布对矿浆流变学的影响^[17]

Figure 4.

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图 5 选择性絮凝浮选法思路图解

Figure 5.

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图 6 高分子絮凝剂吸附桥联作用机理^[5]

Figure 6.

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图 7 载体浮选基本原理图解

Figure 7.

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图 8 纳米气泡的气桥作用^[60]

Figure 8.

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图 9 纳米气泡和常规气泡共同作用的两步附着模型

Figure 9.

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图 10 组合捕收剂应用的原理简图

Figure 10.

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图 11 磁絮凝-磁选分离示意图

Figure 11.

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