The major accomplishments and geological events during the past two decades in the world and their implications for geological work in China in the next thirty years
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摘要:
在21世纪前20年里，以页岩气、页岩油、天然气水合物和干热岩为代表的非常规能源勘查开发取得重大突破，美国因页岩气勘查开发取得突破实现了能源独立。随着全球经济发展、气候变化加剧和能源转型，对关键金属矿产的需求不断增加，世界各国强势推出关键矿产清单，力求保障本国资源安全。深海探测、地球深部探测取得新进展。地球系统科学成为当代地质科学主题，形成了一批新概念，例如地质多样性、关键带、人类世、临界要素等，引领地质工作的转型。展望未来30年，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，人类将面临资源、环境、生态的重大挑战，地质工作正处于重大转折时期。中国地质工作要突出清洁能源和深海资源勘探开发，要建立基于生态系统的地质调查、监测、模拟与预测技术体系，开展自然资源综合调查，支撑服务国土空间规划、生态保护和修复及城市建设，促进地质工作转型和发展。
Abstract:In the first 20 years of this century, major breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and development of unconventional energy represented by shale gas, tight oil, natural gas hydrate and hot dry rock.The United States has achieved energy independence by virtue of the breakthroughs it has made in shale gas development.With growing global economy and intensifying global changes and energy transformation, the demand for critical minerals is increasing in the world, and the list of critical minerals has been strongly introduced to ensure the security of domestic mineral resources.Great progress has been made in the deep-sea and deep-earth probing.With earth system science becoming the theme of modern geological science, a number of new concepts have been developed, such as the geodiversity, the critical zones, the Anthropocene and the tippling elements, leading tothe geological work transformation.In the next 30 years, the world is witnessing a period of major change that's rarely seen in a century, and facing major challenges to resources, environment and ecology.At this major turning point for geological work, special focus needs to be added on clean energy as well as deep-sea resource exploration and development.The introduction of ecosystem-based technology system for monitoring, simulation and prediction is also essential for carrying out comprehensive survey of natural resources and supporting national spatial planning, ecological conservation and urban construction.
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表 1 美国、欧盟和英国关键矿产清单
Table 1. Detailed list of critical mineral in the USA, the EU and the UK
国家 关键矿产 美国 氦、铯、铷、钾盐、碲、铀、锡、砷、锰、铼、铬、锆、重晶石、萤石、钪、铪、锗、铟、稀土元素、钨、天然石墨、锑、钽、铍、铌、镁、镓、钴、钒、铂族元素、铋、钛、锶、铝、锂 欧盟 天然橡胶、硼、磷块盐(Phosphaterock)、磷(Phosphorus)、结晶硅、焦煤、重晶石、萤石、钪、铪、锗、铟、重稀土、轻稀土、钨、天然石墨、锑、钽、铍、铌、镁、镓、钴、钒、铂族元素、铋、钛、锶、铝、锂 英国 银、锌、硒、钍、铜、铁、铅、镍、钼、金刚石、金、汞、镉、氟、钡、铀、锡、砷、锰、铼、铬、锆、锗、铟、稀土元素、钨、天然石墨、锑、钽、铍、铌、镁、镓、钴、钒、铂族元素、铋、钛、锶、铝、锂 注：美国为2019年确定的35种关键矿产，欧盟为2020年确定的30种关键矿产，英国为2015年确定的41种关键矿产。黑体字为美国、欧盟和英国共有的关键矿产，带下划线为除此之外美国和英国共有的关键矿产，斜体为除此之外美国和欧盟共有的关键矿产 
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