The geochemical characteristics of selenium and other beneficial elements in soil and white lotus in Ruijin-Shicheng, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province
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摘要:
为了配合赣州六县脱贫攻坚1:5万土地质量地球化学调查工作,选择江西瑞金和石城采集了表层土壤及70件白莲-根系土样品,测定了土壤和白莲果实中Se等23项元素指标,包括有益人体健康的10项微量元素。调查结果表明:①石城县白莲中Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg和As五种重金属均低于GB2762—2017标准中限量值,瑞金市白莲中除有36% Pb超标现象外,其他重金属都不超标。其对应根系土中5种重金属含量低于筛选值,瑞金—石城表层土壤是绿色安全的,并分别圈定了绿色富硒基地2块,面积分别为瑞金92 km2和石城5.6 km2;②瑞金—石城白莲富硒率较高,达80%以上,并富含人体所需的10项微量元素,这将为开发富硒白莲提供技术支撑;③在非富硒土壤中发现了富硒白莲,可能主要与土壤中硒的生物有效性和白莲自身特性有关。
Abstract:In order to cooperate with the 1:50000 geochemical survey of land quality in six counties of Ganzhou, the authors selected Ruijin and Shicheng survey areas.Surface soils, 70 sets of white lotus and root soil were collected in the whole area.Twenty three elements in lotus and root soil, including 10 trace elements beneficial to human health, were determined.The content, correlation and geological background of selenium and other beneficial elements in the fruit and root soil of white lotus were analyzed.The survey results are as follows:①The values of Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg and As in white lotus of Shicheng County are lower than the limit value in GB2762-2017 standard.Except for 36% Pb exceeding the standard, other heavy metals in white lotus in Ruijin do not exceed the standard.The content of five heavy metals in the corresponding root soil is lower than the screening value, and the surface soil of Ruijin Shicheng survey areas is green and safe.Two green selenium rich bases were delineated, with an area of 92 km2 in Ruijin and 5.6 km2 in Shicheng.②White lotus produced in Ruijin-Shicheng survey areas is rich in selenium, which is more than 80%, and is rich in 10 kinds of trace elements needed by human body, which will provide technical support for the development of selenium rich white lotus.③Selenium rich white lotus was found in non-selenium rich soil, which may be related to the biological availability of selenium in soil and its own characteristics.
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图 1 土壤硒化学形态及其生物有效性的主控因素[12]
Figure 1.
表 1 硒生态景观界限值
Table 1. Limittable of ecological landscape of selenium
Se含量分级 表土总Se/(mg·kg-1) 硒效应 缺乏 ≤0.125 硒反应病 边缘 0.125~0.175 潜在硒不足 中等 0.175~0.3 足硒 高 0.3~0.4* 潜在富硒 高 0.4~3.0 富硒 过剩 ≥3.0 硒中毒 注:根据江西信丰、福建大田和永定3个地区采集的水稻-根系土配套样品及土壤垂向剖面,研究发现土壤富硒土壤标准划分为0.3 mg/kg,能满足稳定生产出富硒稻谷要求,因此将Se含量在0.3~0.4 mg/kg区间内的土壤,划分为潜在富硒土壤 表 2 瑞金—石城调查区土壤中硒丰缺分级统计
Table 2. Classification statistics of selenium abundance and deficiency in soil from Ruijin-Shicheng survey area
调查区 过剩 高 适量 边缘 缺乏 瑞金 面积/km2 0 45 47 238 70 占比/% 0 11 12 60 17 石城 面积/km2 0 7 145 121 129 占比/% 0 2 36 30 32 表 3 瑞金—石城调查区白莲富硒评价
Table 3. Evaluation of selenium enrichment of white lotus in Ruijin-Shicheng survey area
产地 白莲
样品数富硒
样品数元素 白莲Se含量/(mg·kg-1) 富硒率
/%最小值 最大值 平均值 瑞金 30 30 Se(湿基) 0.065 0.265 0.134 100 29 Se(干基) 0.037 0.141 0.078 97 石城 40 33 Se(湿基) 0.030 0.094 0.050 82.5 6 Se(干基) 0.006 0.025 0.014 15 表 4 瑞金—石城调查区白莲矿物质营养元素特征(以每100 g可食部分计)
Table 4. Characteristics of mineral nutrient elements in white lotus Ruijin-Shicheng survey area
产地 数量/个 Ca/mg P/mg K/mg Mg/mg Fe/mg Zn/mg Se/μg Ge/μg Cu/mg Mn/mg 瑞金 30 330 833 2046 275.6 6.6 4.4 13.6 0.45 2.02 30.6 石城 40 158 949 1958 263 5 4 4.9 -0.4 1 15 食物成分表规定值[20] 97 550 846 242 3.6 2.8 3.4 - 1.33 8.23 表 5 瑞金—石城调查区白莲重金属平均含量及风险评价
Table 5. Mean concentrations and risk assessment of heavy metals in white lotus in Ruijin-Shicheng survey area
mg/kg 产地 Cd Cr Hg Pb As 瑞金 n=30 0.110 0.333 0.0004 0.21 0.038 超标率 36% 石城 n=40 0.025 0.086 0.001 0.004 0.014 超标率 0 0 0 0 0 限量值[18] 0.05 0.5 0.01(总汞) 0.2 0.5 表 6 瑞金—石城调查区白莲根系土Se含量
Table 6. Selenium content in root soil ofwhite lotus in Ruijin-Shicheng survey area
mg/kg 根系土壤 样品数 根系土壤Se含量 表层土壤硒
含量平均值最大值 最小值 平均值 瑞金白莲田 30 0.52 0.14 0.24 0.26 石城白莲田 40 0.25 0.10 0.16 0.15 表 7 瑞金—石城调查区白莲根系土的污染风险评价
Table 7. Pollution risk assessment of root soil of white lotus in Ruijin-Shicheng survey area
根系土 样品数量 pH值 Cd平均
含量/(mg·kg-1)Cr平均含量
/(mg·kg-1)Hg平均
含量/(mg·kg-1)Pb平均
含量/(mg·kg-1)As平均含量
/(mg·kg-1)石城 根系土 40 4.6~8.0 0.126 31.5 0.129 36.0 2.87 筛选值[19] 0.3/0.6 150/200/250 1.3/1.8/2.4/3.4 70/90/120/170 40/30/25 污染风险 安全 安全 安全 安全 安全 瑞金 根系土 30 4.6~8.0 0.196 53.6 0.120 32.9 6.75 筛选值[19] 0.3/0.6 150/200/250 1.3/1.8/2.4/3.4 70/90/120/170 40/30/25 污染风险 安全 安全 安全 安全 安全 -
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