Isotope geochemical characteristics of the Zhibo iron deposit in western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang
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摘要:
智博铁矿位于新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁成矿带东段，矿体以层状、似层状、透镜状产出于下石炭统大哈拉军山组玄武质安山岩中。智博铁矿成矿作用主要划分为岩（矿）浆期和热液期2个成矿期次，包括3个成矿阶段：磁铁矿+透辉石阶段、磁铁矿+绿帘石+钾长石阶段和石英+硫化物+碳酸盐阶段。智博铁矿地球化学特征表明，其成矿构造背景为早石炭世南天山洋向伊犁板块俯冲形成的岛弧环境；火山岩与磁铁矿石具有相同的物质来源，均来源于受俯冲带流体交代的亏损地幔楔部分熔融形成的玄武质岩浆。智博铁矿为岩浆（主要）-热液（次要）复合型矿床，受俯冲流体交代的亏损地幔楔部分熔融形成富铁的玄武质岩浆，岩浆沿深大断裂上侵形成早期火山岩，上侵过程中由于物理化学条件的改变在不混溶作用下形成铁矿浆，铁矿浆侵入早期火山岩地层形成岩浆期磁铁矿体；后期富铁的岩浆或矿浆热液使围岩发生矿化与蚀变，形成热液期磁铁矿体。
Abstract:The Zhibo iron deposit is located in eastern Awulale metallogenic belt of Western Tianshan Mountains.The orebodies of the Zhibo iron deposit are hosted in basaltic andesite of the Lower Carboniferous Dahalajunshan Formation in layered, quasi-lamellar and lenticular forms.The mineralization process of the Zhibo iron deposit can be divided into two metallogenic periods, i.e., magmatic period and hydrothermal period, which consist of three metallogenic stages:magnetite + diopside, magnetite + K-feldspar + epidote and quartz + sulfide + carbonate stages.The geochemical characteristics of the Zhibo iron deposit show that its metallogenic tectonic setting was an island-arc environment.The geochemical data support derivation of volcanic rock and magnetite ore from basaltic magma formed by partial melting of depleted mantle wedge altered by fluids in subduction zones, with the same material source.The Zhibo iron deposit is a magmatic(mainly)-hydrothermal(subordinately) deposit.The basaltic magma intruded upward along deep fault and formed the primitive volcanic rock.Because of the change of physical-chemical conditions during its intrusion, the iron ore slurry was liquidized from the basaltic magma.The intrusion of the iron ore slurry into primitive volcanic rock might have been responsible for the formation of the magmatic type magnetite orebody and the alteration of the surrounding rocks by the residual magmatic hydrothermal fluid for the formation of the hydrothermal type magnetite orebody.
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Key words:
- andesite /
- geochemistry /
- genesis /
- Zhibo iron deposit /
- western Tianshan
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图 图版Ⅰ a.致密块状磁铁矿，具气孔构造；b.磁铁矿与围岩接触带，磁铁矿胶结围岩角砾；c.磁铁矿脉与围岩截然接触；d.角砾状矿石，磁铁矿胶结蚀变安山岩；e.磁铁矿与透辉石共生，反射光；f.绿帘石化与阳起石化，单偏光；g.条带状磁铁矿石；h.浸染状磁铁矿石；i.网脉状磁铁矿石；j.磁铁矿石具片状黄铁矿；k.黄铁矿交代磁铁矿，反射光；l.磁铁矿与绿帘石共生，单偏光。Mt—磁铁矿；Py—黄铁矿；Di—透辉石；Ep—绿帘石；Kf—钾长石；Chl—绿泥石；Act—阳起石；Qtz—石英
表 1 智博铁矿床成矿期次划分及矿物生成顺序
Table 1. Mineralizing periods and mineral-forming sequence of the Zhibo iron deposit
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表 2 智博铁矿火山岩和磁铁矿石主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2. Major, trace and rare earth element data of volcanic rocks and iron ore in the Zhibo iron deposit
样号 ZK3601-15 ZK3601-51 ZK3601-52 ZK3601-4[5] ZK3601-9[5] ZK3601-11[5] PC-10-5b[38] PC-10-2a[38] PC-10-1b[38] ZK3601-7 ZK3601-14 ZK3601-17 ZK3601-28 ZK3601-34 ZK3601-41 岩性 玄武安山岩 玄武安山岩 粗面安山岩 粗面安山岩 玄武安山岩 玄武质粗安岩 粗面安山岩 玄武质粗安岩 安山岩 块状矿石 浸染状矿石 角砾状矿石 块状矿石 块状矿石 块状矿石 SiO2 53.15 52.70 57.77 54.91 52.77 55.04 60.45 55.43 57.54 13.21 19.30 23.58 5.13 4.90 5.72 TiO2 0.78 0.99 0.65 0.93 1.00 0.94 0.64 0.53 0.61 0.10 0.17 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.08 Al2O3 12.42 15.08 16.16 15.79 15.19 14.89 17.96 16.15 15.19 0.87 3.73 3.29 0.27 0.00 0.00 TFe2O3 8.97 9.66 7.69 7.52 6.86 7.97 6.27 6.42 6.71 78.17 66.34 60.78 90.11 90.39 84.62 MnO 0.23 0.15 0.09 0.30 0.27 0.23 0.06 0.12 0.13 0.24 0.24 0.17 0.12 0.12 0.10 MgO 9.71 3.29 4.19 4.61 6.56 6.23 2.93 1.50 4.25 3.49 2.99 3.85 0.85 1.27 1.54 CaO 8.84 13.06 3.44 5.19 10.21 6.49 2.20 10.62 7.61 3.53 6.04 5.79 1.87 2.14 2.03 Na2O 3.54 1.14 5.79 5.40 4.24 4.86 6.22 4.90 5.32 0.19 0.19 0.54 0.11 0.10 0.17 K2O 0.64 1.55 2.20 1.80 0.70 1.31 1.78 0.94 0.42 0.08 0.84 1.73 0.04 0.04 0.05 P2O5 0.12 0.22 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.13 烧失量 1.57 2.07 1.81 3.35 2.03 1.86 1.70 2.79 1.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57 总计 99.97 99.91 99.97 99.94 99.96 99.98 100.35 99.51 99.61 99.90 99.91 99.90 98.65 99.11 98.01 ALK 4.18 2.69 7.99 7.20 4.94 6.17 8.00 5.84 5.74 — — — — — — Mg# 68.20 40.29 51.91 54.85 65.45 60.77 48.08 31.64 55.65 — — — — — — La 4.64 29.20 6.53 10.20 6.58 6.50 28.41 12.36 8.33 1.00 23.00 0.98 8.31 7.34 2.57 Ce 19.90 60.30 13.40 22.90 21.60 18.60 57.50 25.79 17.15 1.54 31.20 1.54 14.10 12.80 4.79 Pr 4.00 7.80 1.78 3.25 3.36 2.88 5.91 2.97 2.02 0.16 2.65 0.19 1.25 1.36 0.52 Nd 19.90 34.70 8.63 14.20 14.80 14.80 23.65 12.92 9.09 0.71 7.92 0.90 4.58 4.52 2.20 Sm 4.34 7.52 2.07 3.36 3.96 4.92 4.36 2.97 2.28 0.19 1.10 0.35 0.61 0.72 0.38 Eu 1.27 3.03 0.58 1.10 1.19 1.22 1.08 1.56 0.90 0.04 0.26 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.07 Gd 4.97 7.67 2.70 3.49 4.33 4.75 5.03 3.83 3.03 0.24 1.34 0.35 0.51 0.55 0.74 Tb 0.90 1.53 0.63 0.72 0.79 0.83 0.65 0.54 0.44 0.03 0.16 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.12 Dy 4.89 8.44 3.46 3.95 4.66 5.06 3.89 3.33 2.71 0.28 1.17 0.27 0.39 0.47 0.73 Ho 1.26 1.78 0.83 0.81 1.14 1.21 0.77 0.67 0.54 0.07 0.27 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.17 Er 3.89 5.26 2.45 2.82 3.31 4.12 2.39 2.00 1.63 0.17 0.83 0.22 0.16 0.51 0.65 Tm 0.63 0.89 0.37 0.44 0.61 0.61 0.33 0.26 0.22 0.03 0.13 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.10 Yb 3.84 5.23 2.58 2.59 3.54 3.94 2.28 1.84 1.58 0.26 0.92 0.53 0.16 0.49 0.69 Lu 0.68 0.78 0.54 0.42 0.67 0.54 0.32 0.27 0.24 0.05 0.15 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.18 Li 12.80 5.60 8.44 10.40 14.50 10.20 4.34 1.30 3.29 2.07 2.97 2.47 3.10 2.80 4.63 Be 1.03 1.35 1.41 1.20 0.58 0.74 1.23 0.95 1.17 0.58 1.22 0.94 0.11 0.35 0.50 Sc 28.90 20.90 18.70 23.90 36.80 30.30 29.50 33.70 36.31 1.86 6.65 4.26 0.97 0.88 1.45 V 214.00 131.00 116.00 184.00 286.00 223.00 112.00 171.30 203.80 168.00 229.00 233.00 344.00 184.00 30.20 Cr 667.00 18.60 16.30 84.00 172.00 155.00 20.48 116.80 185.00 5.83 19.30 5.43 3.73 1.65 3.32 Co 26.40 18.00 15.40 23.20 14.60 13.00 13.41 19.97 13.83 15.60 15.20 17.00 84.10 57.50 202.00 Ni 96.80 40.90 14.50 52.90 35.60 40.50 18.57 20.45 32.69 115.00 81.30 129.00 386.00 246.00 44.20 Cu 8.63 12.30 6.95 139.00 20.20 9.07 9.57 576.90 14.01 5.58 10.90 4.85 17.40 5.53 175.00 Zn 118.00 58.10 53.10 115.00 114.00 102.00 38.60 23.82 39.68 102.00 204.00 69.40 44.50 44.00 40.90 Ga 12.30 23.70 13.20 13.50 12.80 15.60 26.15 25.86 18.90 12.60 9.57 6.24 6.12 6.97 15.10 Rb 25.60 51.00 83.80 53.30 39.80 51.10 71.39 26.71 15.04 5.39 30.50 57.80 4.79 4.41 5.36 Sr 271.00 793.00 198.00 220.00 418.00 301.00 170.80 589.70 491.50 50.90 334.00 30.30 11.20 12.60 7.77 Y 31.30 48.80 22.60 22.40 30.20 33.20 18.38 15.96 13.03 2.13 7.66 2.53 2.40 4.35 6.06 Nb 3.93 10.40 6.96 3.60 3.75 4.27 6.38 3.98 3.98 0.18 1.30 0.31 0.37 0.17 0.46 Mo 43.50 0.69 0.27 0.96 0.15 0.74 — — — 1.51 3.27 723.00 4.28 1.31 1.14 Cd 0.24 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.13 2.26 3.08 0.04 0.06 0.02 In 0.15 0.35 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.01 0.15 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.04 Sb 1.37 5.07 1.60 0.56 2.08 0.65 — — — 1.07 2.33 0.54 1.33 2.40 7.84 Cs 0.33 0.49 0.49 0.45 1.22 0.43 1.12 0.23 0.30 0.25 0.21 0.24 0.23 0.27 0.22 Ba 105.00 234.00 175.00 478.00 106.00 509.00 179.50 130.80 60.89 7.27 102.00 114.00 2.42 3.12 6.95 Ta 0.40 0.87 1.66 0.30 0.40 0.38 0.50 0.31 0.31 0.03 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 Pb 3.04 12.20 1.75 2.58 3.44 1.49 2.61 5.21 4.04 1.70 8.32 1.34 2.80 1.44 4.49 Bi 0.02 0.28 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.20 0.11 0.45 0.18 0.15 0.38 0.39 0.97 Th 11.80 8.04 3.56 4.66 4.93 5.52 4.23 2.67 2.60 0.25 1.39 0.26 0.36 0.28 0.48 U 9.56 4.68 0.93 1.40 7.04 5.91 1.16 1.01 1.30 3.16 4.30 2.21 8.06 2.46 3.54 Zr 199.00 344.00 193.00 197.00 171.00 200.00 123.30 77.76 76.77 7.07 46.40 23.40 3.70 2.14 12.50 Hf 5.84 9.12 4.88 4.77 4.83 5.56 3.53 2.28 2.29 0.09 1.15 0.58 0.05 0.08 0.39 ΣREE 75.11 174.12 46.54 70.26 70.54 69.98 136.57 71.31 50.16 4.76 71.10 5.64 30.45 29.18 13.92 LREE 54.05 142.55 32.99 55.01 51.49 48.92 120.91 58.57 39.77 3.63 66.13 4.02 28.95 26.80 10.54 HREE 21.06 31.57 13.56 15.25 19.05 21.06 15.66 12.74 10.39 1.13 4.97 1.63 1.50 2.38 3.38 LREE/HREE 2.57 4.51 2.43 3.61 2.70 2.32 7.72 4.60 3.83 3.21 13.31 2.47 19.34 11.27 3.11 LaN/YbN 0.87 4.00 1.82 2.82 1.33 1.18 8.94 4.82 3.78 2.70 18.01 1.31 37.73 10.70 2.66 δEu 0.83 1.21 0.74 0.97 0.87 0.76 0.70 1.41 1.05 0.60 0.64 0.59 0.55 0.30 0.40 δCe 1.05 0.96 0.95 0.97 1.12 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.86 0.82 0.83 0.96 0.92 0.96 注：测试单位为核工业北京地质研究院，TFeO=0.8998TFe2O3，Mg#=100Mg2+/(Mg2++TFe2+)；部分火山岩地球化学数据据参考文献[5, 38]。主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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表 3 智博铁矿火山岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 3. Sr-Nd isotopic data of volcanic rocks in the Zhibo iron deposit
编号 Rb/10-6 Sr/10-6 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 2σ εSr(0) εSr(t) (87Sr/86Sr)i Sm/10-6 Nd/10-6 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd 2σ εNd(0) εNd(t) (143Nd/144Nd)i ZK3601-15 25.1 255 0.2842 0.7064167 0.000011 27.2 14.2 0.70512 4.66 17.6 0.1604 0.512729 0.000009 1.8 3.3 0.512393 ZK3601-51 45.9 765 0.1735 0.7060112 0.000008 21.5 15.6 0.70522 6.97 30.2 0.1395 0.512562 0.000008 -1.5 0.9 0.512270 ZK3601-52 81.4 188 1.2531 0.7104298 0.000013 84.2 8.5 0.70472 2.26 7.79 0.1753 0.512751 0.000009 2.2 3.1 0.512384
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表 4 智博铁矿火山岩与矿石铅同位素组成
Table 4. Pb isotope data of volcanic rocks and iron ore in the Zhibo iron deposits
样品号 类型 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204Pb (206Pb/204Pb)t (207Pb/204Pb)t (208Pb/204Pb)t ZK3601-15 玄武安山岩 19.567 15.579 39.370 17.497 15.470 37.193 ZK3601-51 玄武安山岩 19.327 15.625 38.633 17.882 15.549 37.849 ZK3601-52 粗面安山岩 19.449 15.585 39.443 17.416 15.478 36.993 ZK3601-17 磁铁矿石 22.584 15.757 38.051 16.135 15.416 37.811 ZK3601-34 磁铁矿石 22.593 15.747 37.968 15.921 15.395 37.730 ZK3601-41 磁铁矿石 20.193 15.624 37.981 17.214 15.467 37.854
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① 新疆地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质大队.新疆和静县诺尔湖铁矿详查地质报告.2011.
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