An analysis of geological characteristics and genesis of ancient diamond placer ore in Cherokee mining area of Zimbabwe
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摘要:
通过对津巴布韦奇拉色卡矿区金刚石古砂矿的地质特征、矿层特征、赋矿规律等的研究，建立了该区矿床勘查模型。研究表明，该区构造上处于太古宙津巴布韦克拉通东部边缘，西部紧邻林波波造山带、莫桑比克造山带，而林波波带为重要的金刚石产地，该区处于金刚石古砂矿成矿的有利位置；矿层赋存于中元古代乌肯多群砂砾岩组沉积岩中。该区金刚石古砂矿为沉积型金刚石古砂矿类型，属滨海环境沉积建造。在中元古代，原生矿中的金刚石被风化剥蚀出来，经流水的搬运，在滨海地区沉积，固结形成金刚石古砂矿床。津巴布韦奇拉色卡矿区金刚石古砂矿的发现及研究对指导中国境内寻找金刚石古砂矿具有重要的意义。
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关键词:
- 地质特征 /
- 成因 /
- 金刚石古砂矿 /
- 津巴布韦奇拉色卡矿区
Abstract:The authors studied geological characteristics, seam features and regularity of Cherokee ancient diamond placer ore of Cherokee mining area in Zimbabwe and then established the exploration model of the ore deposits in this area. It is shown that the re-gion is structurally located at the eastern edge of the Archean craton in Zimbabwe, neighboring the Limpopo orogenic belt and the Mozambican orogenic belt in the west, and the Limpopo belt is an important diamond producing area. The area is in a favorable posi-tion for the mineralization of ancient diamond sand ore. The ore deposits occur in sand conglomerate of Proterozoic Ukendo Group, which belongs to sedimentary rocks. The diamond ore in this area is of sedimentary origin and belongs to the coastal environment structure.In the Middle Proterozoic period, the diamond in original mineral was stripped away by the weathering and carried by wind or water, then it deposited in the coastal area. The discovery and study of Cherokee ancient diamond placer ore in Zimbabwe have important guiding significance for finding more ancient diamond placer ores in China.
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表 1 奇拉色卡矿区金刚石古砂矿床勘查模型
Table 1. A list of exploration models of ancient diamond placer ores in the Cherokee mining area
找矿要素 典型特征 大地构造环境 含有金刚石原生矿的稳定克拉通边缘滨海沉积区 含矿地层 中元古代乌肯多群 矿层位置 太古宙花岗岩系基底不整合面之上的底砾岩 含矿岩系和围岩 砂砾岩组、灰岩组、泥页岩组、石英砂岩组、玄武岩组 含矿原岩建造 滨浅海相碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和火山岩建造 成矿时代 中元古代 矿石特征 矿石为砂砾岩，矿石结构为碎屑结构、砾状结构、砂状结构、颗粒支撑，矿石构造为块状构造、层状构造 含矿层顶板标志 矿层顶板为石灰岩层，底板为太古宙花岗岩，矿层与底板岩系为角度不整合接触 勘查技术体系 大比例尺填图、钻探、槽探、浅井、采样和选矿 
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