Distribution regularity and abnormal characteristics of indicative minerals of diamond in Taojiang area, Hu'nan Province: Exemplified by diamond, chromium spinel and ilmenite
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摘要:
为进一步探索砂矿中金刚石的来源，寻找湖南地区原生金刚石，利用水系自然重砂方法在湖南桃江马迹塘地区共采集自然重砂测量样品250件，金刚石指示矿物种类较齐全，数量较多。其中发现金刚石12颗，类型较单一，粒径0.3mm左右，黄绿色、六-八面体；指示矿物铬尖晶石8864颗，黑色-灰黑色，磨损较强烈，呈浑圆粒状；钛铁矿2403颗，黑色-灰黑色，磨损较弱。通过区内金刚石及指示矿物分布特征，在区内划分出14个异常区，其中Ⅰ级异常区5个，Ⅱ级异常区5个，Ⅲ级异常区4个。金刚石及指示矿物分布广泛，但无定向富集，北部地区数量多、南部地区数量少，时间上老地层出露区数量多，新地层出露区数量少。通过金刚石及指示矿物对比研究发现，其晶形、颜色、粒度与桃江江石桥辉绿岩中的金刚石及宁乡钾镁煌斑岩中发现的金刚石特征相似，推测其来自区内尚未被发现的辉绿岩/钾镁煌斑岩等类型的岩体中。
Abstract:In order to further explore the source of diamond in sand ore and search for primary diamond in Hu'nan Province, the authors used the natural heavy sand measurement method to collect 250 samples of natural heavy sand in Majitang area, Taojiang, Hu'nan Province. Diamond indicates quite a lot of minerals and much quantity. Twelve diamonds were found, which have a single type and are about 0.3mm in diameter, yellow green in color and exhibit hexoctahedron surface; there are 8864 grains of indicating mineral chromium spinels, black-grayish black in color, intensely worn, round granular in shape; there are 2403 grains of ilmenites, black-grayish black in color, relatively weakly worn. According to the distribution characteristics of diamonds and indicator minerals in this area, fourteen anomalous zones were delineated in the study area, including five grade I anomaly area, five grade Ⅱ anomaly area and four grade Ⅲ anomaly area. It is concluded that the distribution of diamond and indicating minerals in this area is extensive, but shows no orientation enrichment, the quantity of diamond in the northern region is large, whereas that in the southern region is small; the amount of the outcropped area in the old strata is large whereas that in the new strata is small. Through the comparative study of diamond and indicative minerals, it is found that the crystal shape, color and grain size are similar to the features of diamond in the Taojiang River stone bridge diabase and the diamond found in the Ningxiang potassium magnesium alloy. It is inferred that the minerals came from the diabase/potassium magnesia porphyry and other types of rock bodies that have not yet been discovered in this area.
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Key words:
- natural heavy mineral /
- diamond /
- indicator minerals /
- regularity of distribution
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表 1 湖南桃江马迹塘地区水系重砂样中金刚石特征
Table 1. Statistical table of diamond characteristics in heavy sand samples of Majitang area in Taojiang, Hu'nan Province
样品编号 数量/个 大小 颜色 晶形 主要特征描述 MZ25 1 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 晶体不完整，呈半块状 MZ34 2 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 晶体完整 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 晶体不完整，呈碎块状 MZ39 1 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 晶体完整 MZ48 1 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 晶体完整 MZ65 1 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 MZ97 2 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 内部具较多黑色包裹体 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 内部具较多黑色包裹体 MZ142 1 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 沿六-八而体一晶棱而具破碎而 MZ158 1 0.3 mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 MZ163 1 -0.5+0.3mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 晶体不完整 MZ178 1 -0.5+0.3mm 黄绿色 六-八而体 晶体完整 
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表 2 桃江马迹塘地区水系重砂中金刚石及指示矿物
Table 2. Statistical table of diamond and indicative minerals in natural heavy sand of Majitang area in Taojiang
统计类型 数量/个 样品数 225 金刚石及指示矿物产出点位 167 未见金刚石及指示矿物点位 58 金刚石产出点位 10 铬尖晶石产出点位 145 钛铁矿产出点位 91 金刚石数量 12 铬尖晶石数量 8864 钛铁矿数量 2403 矿物名称 报出率/% 金刚石及指示矿物 74.2 金刚石 4.4 铬尖晶石 64.4 钛铁矿 40.4
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