Geochemical characteristics and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of volcanic rocks in Shangqihan Formation along eastern orogenic belt in West Kunlun Mountains
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摘要:
通过对西昆仑北带东段上其汗组玄武安山岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年，获得锆石206Pb/238U年龄为473.1±2.2Ma，代表玄武安山岩的结晶年龄。研究区上其汗组火山岩富集大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba、U、Th等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Zr、Ta、Ti等，为消减带火山岩的标志性特征。不相容元素Th/Ta值为9.5~20.89，与上地壳的Th/Ta值（10）较接近。岩石具有较高的La/Nb值（2.73~4.89），明显高于大陆地壳这一比值（2.2），表明有地壳物质混染。同时，岩石中Nb含量较高，为8.14×10-6~12.3×10-6，Nb/Ta值为15.2~17.38，表明岩浆源区受到来自消减残留板片流体或熔体的交代作用。对岩石主量、微量元素特征、岩石学特征及大地构造背景综合分析认为，上其汗组火山岩形成于岛弧环境，其为库地-其曼于特洋在早古生代向北俯冲的产物。
Abstract:Through a study of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopes of basaltic andesite in Shangqihan Formation at the east segment in the northern belt of Western Kunlun Mountains, zircon 206Pb/238U isotopic age was obtained as 473.1±2.2Ma, which represents crystallization age of basaltic andesite. Shangqihan Formation volcanic rocks in the study area were rich in large ion lithophile elements such as Sr, Ba, U and Th, but were depleted in high field strength elements such as Nb, Zr, Ta and Ti, and these features are symbolic features of volcanic rocks in the subduction belt. Ratio of incompatible elements Th/Ta is within 9.5~20.89, relatively approximate to Th/Ta ratio (10) of the upper crust. Rocks have higher La/Nb ratios (2.73~4.89), obviously higher than the ratio (2.2) in continental crust, and this indicates hybridization of crust materials. In the meantime, Nb content in rocks is high (8.14×10-6~12.3×10-6)and Nb/Ta ratio is 15.2~17.38, which indicates magmatic source region was subjected to metasomatism from subducted residual sheet bar fluid or melt. According to comprehensive analysis of the major and trace element features, petrologic features and geotectonic background, it is believed that volcanic rocks in Shangqihan Formation were formed in an island arc environment and were products of Kudi-Qimanyute Ocean which pitched down in the northward direction in Early Paleozoic.
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Key words:
- volcanic rocks /
- West Kunlun Mountains /
- Early Ordovician /
- Shangqihan Formation
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表 1 样品主量、微量及稀土元素分析结果
Table 1. Major, trace and rare earth elements analytical results of samples
样品编号 1411AY-1 1411AY-2 1411AY-3 1411AY-4 1411AY-5 1411AY-6 岩石名称 安山岩 安山岩 安山岩 安山岩 玄武安山岩 玄武安山岩 SiO2 59.63 58.75 52.32 55.68 53.93 53.2 TiO2 0.49 0.5 0.66 0.67 0.69 0.7 Al2O3 13.04 14.03 16.35 14.85 16.46 17.13 Fe2O3 3.93 4.01 5.38 4.48 4.61 5 FeO 4.55 4.75 2.65 3.6 3.55 3.2 MnO 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.12 MgO 4.53 4.69 4.8 4.85 3.72 3.85 CaO 4.93 4.5 9.68 7.43 5.85 8.33 Na2O 3.31 3.21 3.64 3.52 3.43 3.79 K2O 0.64 0.58 0.12 0.76 1.55 0.37 P2O5 0.12 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.17 烧失量 4.05 4.11 4 3.84 5.71 3.89 总计 99.79 99.79 100.37 100.45 100.17 100.23 里特曼(σ) 0.87 0.85 1.33 1.32 1.96 1.5 碱度(A.R) 1.56 1.51 1.34 1.48 1.58 1.39 A/FM 0.57 0.59 0.72 0.64 0.81 0.83 分异指数 53.81 51.89 37.98 46.24 50.13 42.73 R1 2529 2510 2023 2137 1891 1962 R2 1059 1039 1667 1382 1206 1481 A/CNK 0.86 0.99 0.69 0.74 0.92 0.79 固结指数 26.78 27.28 29.36 28.4 22.2 24.03 K2O/Na2O 0.19 0.18 0.03 0.22 0.45 0.1 K2O+Na2O 3.95 3.79 3.76 4.28 4.98 4.16 La 6.97 6.94 8.66 9.89 10.3 10.4 Ce 13.8 13.7 17.2 19.6 20.6 20.7 Pr 1.84 1.85 2.26 2.56 2.63 2.73 Nd 8.14 8.33 9.99 11.6 11.4 12.3 Sm 2.19 2.2 2.44 2.89 3.02 2.99 Eu 0.56 0.58 0.75 0.79 0.77 0.88 Gd 2.28 2.23 2.69 2.96 2.87 3.06 Tb 0.36 0.35 0.41 0.45 0.43 0.46 Dy 2.4 2.32 2.61 2.84 2.64 2.88 Ho 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.58 0.54 0.57 Er 1.45 1.46 1.49 1.66 1.46 1.6 Tm 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.25 Yb 1.62 1.6 1.61 1.79 1.58 1.68 Lu 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.24 0.27 Y 12.5 12.7 13.5 15.1 13.2 14.5 Rb 17.4 15.2 2.57 24.8 31 8.4 K 5574.89 5054.36 1038.64 6562.31 13672.48 3202.81 Ba 183 170 94.2 242 505 245 Th 1.88 1.88 1.52 2.37 2.33 2.21 U 0.86 0.78 0.65 1.03 0.91 0.86 Nb 1.52 1.42 2.78 3.34 3.78 3.64 Sr 583 638 518 493 487 613 P 550.01 504.39 683.14 681.51 835.46 774.31 Zr 28.1 26.6 43.8 47.6 48.8 44.3 Hf 1.34 1.29 1.91 2.11 2.13 1.99 Ta 0.1 0.09 0.16 0.2 0.22 0.21 Cr 346 337 137 306 58.5 56.2 ∑REE 42.58 42.55 51.12 58.13 58.71 60.77 δEu 0.76 0.79 0.89 0.82 0.79 0.88 (La/Sm)N 2 1.98 2.23 2.15 2.37 2.15 (Ce/Yb)N 2.2 2.22 2.77 2.83 3.37 3.19 (Gd/Lu)N 1.13 1.10 1.33 1.36 1.98 1.48 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素为10-6 
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表 2 上其汗组火山岩锆石U-Th-Pb年龄分析结果
Table 2. Zircon U-Th-Pb dating results of volcanic rocks in Shangqihan Formation
测点号 Th U Pb Th/U 同位素比值 表而年龄/Ma /10-6 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 1 45 214 66 0.21 0.0565 0.0023 0.5924 0.0233 0.0760 0.0008 473 69 472 15 472 5 2 36 121 38 0.30 0.0565 0.0030 0.5914 0.0310 0.0759 0.0009 472 96 472 20 472 5 3 27 86 27 0.31 0.0563 0.0065 0.5900 0.0671 0.0760 0.0018 465 213 471 43 472 11 4 165 357 116 0.46 0.0571 0.0028 0.5996 0.0283 0.0761 0.0010 496 81 477 18 473 6 5 30 201 62 0.15 0.0560 0.0026 0.5879 0.0267 0.0761 0.0009 453 80 470 17 473 5 6 63 209 66 0.30 0.0572 0.0021 0.5993 0.0211 0.0760 0.0007 499 61 477 13 472 4 7 85 235 75 0.36 0.0574 0.0021 0.6018 0.0209 0.0761 0.0007 506 59 478 13 473 4 8 34 132 42 0.26 0.0571 0.0030 0.5984 0.0304 0.0760 0.0009 497 91 476 19 472 6 9 77 232 75 0.33 0.0565 0.0022 0.5953 0.0227 0.0764 0.0007 473 68 474 14 475 4 10 119 288 94 0.41 0.0573 0.0022 0.6007 0.0219 0.0760 0.0008 504 62 478 14 472 5 11 17 44 14 0.39 0.0573 0.0082 0.6027 0.0851 0.0763 0.0016 503 280 479 54 474 9 12 27 62 22 0.43 0.0561 0.0078 0.6054 0.0832 0.0783 0.0020 456 262 481 53 486 12 13 32 131 43 0.25 0.0554 0.0034 0.5812 0.0344 0.0762 0.0010 426 110 465 22 473 6 14 44 101 34 0.43 0.0537 0.0038 0.5622 0.0391 0.0760 0.0011 357 131 453 25 472 7 15 99 420 139 0.24 0.0563 0.0017 0.5914 0.0169 0.0762 0.0007 465 48 472 11 473 4 16 31 120 40 0.25 0.0567 0.0027 0.5926 0.0271 0.0759 0.0008 478 83 473 17 471 5 17 48 265 88 0.18 0.0589 0.0023 0.6220 0.0231 0.0766 0.0008 563 62 491 14 476 5 18 68 94 33 0.72 0.0564 0.0031 0.5928 0.0316 0.0762 0.0009 469 98 473 20 474 5 19 815 2261 776 0.36 0.0593 0.0011 0.6225 0.0102 0.0762 0.0005 577 24 491 6 473 3 20 16 75 25 0.21 0.0551 0.0048 0.5774 0.0494 0.0761 0.0013 415 163 463 32 473 8
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