The damage assessment, remediation, and restoration program of natural resources and ecological damage in coastal zones of the USA: The revelation to China
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摘要:
海岸带是位于海陆结合部的复杂环境系统，是人类活动最集中的地区。中国大陆海岸线约18000km，涉及沿海11个省，由于经济社会高速发展，海岸带地区的人口、资源、环境矛盾日益突出，面临海岸带资源无序开发、水土污染、滨海湿地退化、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等一系列生态环境与灾害地质问题，已成为影响生态文明建设的主要问题之一。因此中国持续加大海岸带生态环境保护力度，并提出实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程、强化湿地保护和修复等政策措施。美国国家海洋和大气管理局主导的海岸带损害评估及修复计划已实施了近30年，并取得了显著效果，其完善的法律制度体系、规范的损害评估和修复程序、数据集成管理和共享应用等成功经验值得学习借鉴。建议加快完善中国海岸带生态环境损害评估与修复的技术方法体系和制度体系、有序开展海岸带自然资源和生态环境调查、加强海岸带及滨海湿地等重要生态系统的演化和修复技术研究与示范，并构建统一的海岸带基础调查数据库、建立海岸带监测预警体系。
Abstract:Coastal zone is a complex environmental system located at the interface between the land and the sea, where human activity is most concentrated. China's continental coastline is about 18000 kilometers, involving 11 coastal provinces. The contradiction between population, resources and environment in coastal areas is becoming increasingly serious with the rapid development of the coastal economy. The coastal zone is confronted with a series of ecological environment and disaster geological problems such as resource disordered development, water and soil pollution, coastal wetland degradation, coastal erosion and land subsidence, which have become one of the main problems affecting the construction of ecological civilization construction of China. Therefore, China has been continuing to strengthen the protection of coastal ecological environment, and has put forward some measures such as the implementation of major projects for protection and restoration of important ecosystem, strengthening wetland protection and restoration. In the USA, the Damage Assessment, Remediation, and Restoration of NOAA have been implemented for nearly 30 years, with significant effect obtained. The successful experience of DARRP, such as perfecting the legal system, regulating the damage assessment and restoration program, data integration management and sharing application, is worth learning.
The authors suggest to improve coastal zone of ecological environmental damage assessment and restoration technique system and institutional system in China, carry out natural resources and ecological environment survey in coastal zone orderly, strengthen the researches on the evolution of the coastal zone and coastal wetland ecosystem and remediation technology, build a unified basic survey database, and establish monitoring and early warning system in the coastal zone.
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