Recognition, age determination and tectonic significance of the Kunlun River ductile shear zone in the East Kunlun Mountains
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摘要:
位于东昆仑造山带的青海昆仑河地区发育一条走向近东西向的大型韧性剪切带，卷入韧性剪切变形的岩石主要为中-新元古界万宝沟群变质中基性火山岩、碎屑岩和大理岩，奥陶系纳赤台群变质碎屑岩、玄武岩和大理岩，以及古生代（志留纪）中酸性侵入岩，剪切带内的岩石多已发生糜棱岩化。剪切带中发育的σ型旋转碎斑、S-C组构、糜棱面理、石英脉的不对称褶皱等构造标志，总体指示以右行走滑剪切为主，晚期有左行走滑剪切作用叠加。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示，剪切带中变形的花岗闪长岩及未变形的白云母花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为432.3±1.2Ma和423.3±1.5Ma，从而限定昆仑河韧性剪切带的形成时代介于中-晚志留世432~423Ma之间。结合区域构造演化特点，认为昆仑河韧性剪切带反映了东昆仑原特提斯洋关闭后，昆北与昆南地块于中-晚志留世碰撞造山运动的构造响应，晚期的左行走滑则可能受控于昆南断裂带燕山早期的左行走滑作用。
Abstract:Along the Kunlun River of Qinghai Province in the East Kunlun Mountains, a large-scale ductile shear zone is developed. The rocks that involved in the ductile shear deformation and experienced extensive mylonitization include the metamorphosed basic to intermediate volcanic rocks, clastic rocks and marble of the Middle-Upper Proterozoic Wanbaogou Group, the metamorphosed clastic rocks, basalt and marble of the Ordovician Nachitai Group, and the Silurian intermediate to acid intrusive rocks. The structural marks observed in the shear zone, such as the σ-type rotated porphyroclasts, S-C fabrics and the asymmetrical folds of mylonite foliation, indicate in general a dextral strike-slip shear superimposed by a later sinistral shear. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of the deformed granodiorite and the undeformed muscovite granite in the shear zone are 432.3±1.2Ma and 423.3±1.5Ma, respectively, suggesting that the shear zone formed between ca. 432Ma and 423Ma. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution, it is suggested that the Kunlun River shear zone represents the tectonic response to the collisional orogeny in the Middle-Late Silurian between the North and South Kunlun blocks after the closing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. The later sinistral shearing was controlled by the strike-slipping of the South Kunlun fault zone in the early Yanshanian period.
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表 1 昆仑河野牛沟公路54km处花岗闪长岩和白云母花岗岩锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 1. U-Th-Pb isotopic compositions of zircons from the granodiorite and muscovite granite at the locality of 54km on the Yeniugou Highway, Kunlun River
测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素原子比率 同位素年龄/Ma Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 花岗闪长岩（G14TKD26-7) 1 73.23 662.98 0.11 0.0536 0.0025 0.5207 0.0244 0.0694 0.0010 354 99.1 426 16.3 433 6.1 2 336.93 827.98 0.41 0.0546 0.0024 0.5264 0.0234 0.0693 0.0013 394 102.8 429 15.6 432 7.8 3 276.93 1187.13 0.23 0.0541 0.0020 0.5210 0.0195 0.0692 0.0010 376 85.2 426 13.0 431 5.9 4 485.36 514.02 0.94 0.0562 0.0028 0.5185 0.0244 0.0669 0.0011 461 107.4 424 16.3 418 6.4 5 246.31 461.16 0.53 0.0554 0.0027 0.5338 0.0257 0.0694 0.0011 428 107.4 434 17.0 432 6.6 6 259.86 572.46 0.45 0.0594 0.0028 0.5786 0.0257 0.0705 0.0010 589 101.8 464 16.5 439 6.1 7 436.51 659.70 0.66 0.0598 0.0028 0.5865 0.0277 0.0703 0.0009 598 97.2 469 17.7 438 5.7 8 258.12 492.99 0.52 0.0541 0.0029 0.5191 0.0276 0.0691 0.0012 376 125.0 425 18.5 431 7.5 9 494.39 771.91 0.64 0.0597 0.0029 0.5646 0.0265 0.0681 0.0010 591 105.5 455 17.2 425 6.1 10 223.08 349.53 0.64 0.0540 0.0032 0.5199 0.0300 0.0693 0.0012 372 133.3 425 20.0 432 7.0 11 187.54 381.41 0.49 0.0552 0.0038 0.5309 0.0361 0.0699 0.0017 420 151.8 432 24.0 436 10.3 12 231.63 721.78 0.32 0.0564 0.0031 0.5285 0.0289 0.0673 0.0012 478 122.2 431 19.2 420 7.3 13 349.17 444.80 0.78 0.0543 0.0030 0.5226 0.0288 0.0689 0.0010 383 124.1 427 19.2 430 6.2 14 288.81 424.32 0.68 0.0529 0.0026 0.5071 0.0237 0.0693 0.0010 324 113.0 417 16.0 432 6.2 15 134.67 301.79 0.45 0.0529 0.0034 0.5136 0.0330 0.0698 0.0014 324 144.4 421 22.1 435 8.7 16 304.10 453.95 0.67 0.0564 0.0028 0.5560 0.0284 0.0707 0.0012 478 111.1 449 18.5 440 7.0 17 340.04 426.48 0.80 0.0538 0.0030 0.5156 0.0280 0.0690 0.0010 361 125.9 422 18.8 430 5.9 18 280.60 441.03 0.64 0.0532 0.0028 0.5196 0.0272 0.0706 0.0012 345 120.4 425 18.2 440 7.3 19 89.16 749.08 0.12 0.0556 0.0027 0.5526 0.0267 0.0713 0.0010 435 107.4 447 17.4 444 5.9 20 366.88 573.34 0.64 0.0541 0.0031 0.5132 0.0274 0.0692 0.0012 376 127.8 421 18.4 432 7.4 21 385.44 400.50 0.96 0.0545 0.0029 0.5278 0.0282 0.0697 0.0011 394 88.0 430 18.8 434 6.5 22 313.86 493.05 0.64 0.0570 0.0030 0.5484 0.0289 0.0692 0.0015 494 116.7 444 19.0 432 9.1 23 1258.66 956.08 1.32 0.0533 0.0027 0.5179 0.0257 0.0692 0.0011 343 110.2 424 17.2 431 6.4 24 298.18 423.49 0.70 0.0578 0.0035 0.5685 0.0339 0.0706 0.0013 520 136.1 457 22.0 440 7.8 25 333.72 584.89 0.57 0.0552 0.0029 0.5182 0.0270 0.0671 0.0011 420 152.8 424 18.0 419 6.6 26 197.87 260.58 0.76 0.0591 0.0032 0.5718 0.0306 0.0696 0.0014 572 118.5 459 19.7 434 8.2 27 658.84 648.82 1.02 0.0543 0.0031 0.5271 0.0297 0.0692 0.0010 387 129.6 430 19.7 431 6.0 白云母花岗岩（G14TKD26-1) 1 94.49 128.12 0.74 0.0559 0.0048 0.5227 0.0398 0.0689 0.0017 450 187.9 427 26.5 430 10.1 2 661.24 486.03 1.36 0.0615 0.0033 0.5783 0.0306 0.0676 0.0011 654 84.2 463 19.7 422 6.6 3 434.43 400.69 1.08 0.0551 0.0034 0.5163 0.0309 0.0675 0.0012 417 137.0 423 20.7 421 7.0 4 156.19 222.23 0.70 0.0573 0.0041 0.5395 0.0336 0.0680 0.0012 506 157.4 438 22.2 424 7.3 5 423.48 410.33 1.03 0.0553 0.0029 0.5179 0.0275 0.0669 0.0010 433 118.5 424 18.4 418 6.1 6 529.82 474.40 1.12 0.0575 0.0031 0.5458 0.0294 0.0675 0.0011 509 123.1 442 19.3 421 6.4 7 652.85 501.93 1.30 0.0537 0.0029 0.5114 0.0275 0.0678 0.0009 367 124.1 419 18.5 423 5.7 8 742.97 580.79 1.28 0.0571 0.0028 0.5404 0.0264 0.0676 0.0013 494 107.4 439 17.4 422 7.6 9 249.56 308.39 0.81 0.0553 0.0032 0.5204 0.0284 0.0678 0.0014 433 127.8 425 19.0 423 8.3 10 198.82 395.06 0.50 0.0598 0.0038 0.5695 0.0374 0.0678 0.0015 594 138.9 458 24.2 423 9.2 11 154.19 264.94 0.58 0.0545 0.0038 0.5160 0.0369 0.0678 0.0014 391 152.8 422 24.7 423 8.4 12 422.89 415.70 1.02 0.0543 0.0029 0.5084 0.0268 0.0679 0.0012 383 122.2 417 18.0 424 7.2 13 602.88 710.45 0.85 0.0512 0.0030 0.4846 0.0277 0.0681 0.0011 250 133.3 401 18.9 424 6.9 14 279.24 308.47 0.91 0.0548 0.0038 0.5194 0.0358 0.0677 0.0013 406 155.5 425 23.9 422 8.1 15 875.14 597.28 1.47 0.0541 0.0029 0.5157 0.0263 0.0681 0.0011 376 125.0 422 17.6 425 6.4 16 467.05 418.63 1.12 0.0521 0.0029 0.4869 0.0254 0.0671 0.0011 300 129.6 403 17.3 419 6.6 17 95.13 161.79 0.59 0.0542 0.0052 0.5167 0.0497 0.0687 0.0017 389 219.4 423 33.3 428 10.4 18 166.37 277.08 0.60 0.0551 0.0030 0.5165 0.0272 0.0678 0.0012 413 122.2 423 18.2 423 7.2 19 323.98 466.74 0.69 0.0617 0.0030 0.5826 0.0285 0.0679 0.0011 665 99.1 466 18.3 423 6.9 20 96.78 172.47 0.56 0.0580 0.0039 0.5421 0.0363 0.0678 0.0016 532 150.0 440 23.9 423 9.6 
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