Thermodynamic conditions of ore-forming fluid and migration and enrich-ment mechanism of iron in the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit, southeastern Hubei Province
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摘要:
对铁山铁铜矿床的流体包裹体研究发现，在石榴子石和透闪石中主要发育气液两相富液相、富气相和含石盐子晶三相包裹体。显微测温结果表明，进矽卡岩阶段热液流体均一温度为499.2~594.8℃，盐度多集中分布在17.3%NaCl~19.5%NaCl之间，密度为0.45~0.62g/cm3，形成压力为58.0~90.6MPa；退化蚀变阶段成矿流体均一温度为356.2~428.6℃，盐度多集中分布在7.2%NaCl~15.5%NaCl之间，密度为0.52~0.83g/cm3，成矿压力为23.8~29.7MPa，成矿深度为0.90~1.12km，主成矿阶段成矿流体具有高温、中-低盐度、低密度、较低成矿压力的特征，属于浅成矽卡岩型铁铜矿床。同时，群体包裹体气液相成分结果显示，气相成分以H2O和CO2为主，并含有少量CH4、C2H6、N2和H2S气体；液相成分阳离子以Na+、Ca2+、K+为主，阴离子以SO42-、Cl-为主。研究表明，Cl-、SO42-和碳酸络合物在铁质搬运与富集过程中发挥了重要作用，流体混合和成矿热液pH值的系统演变可能是导致铁山铁铜矿床铁质超常富集沉淀的重要机制。
Abstract:Based on petrographic observations of garnet and tremolite collected from the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit, the authors found that the primary fluid inclusions are generally of three types:gaseous inclusions, liquid inclusions and halite daughter mineral-bearing three-phase inclusion. According to temperature measurement results, the homogenization temperatures at the prograde skarn stage range from 499.2℃ to 594.8℃, the fluid salinity peak values range from 17.3%NaCl to 19.5%NaCl, the densities range from 0.45g/cm3 to 0.62g/cm3, and the pressure ranges from 58.0×106 Pa to 90.6×106 Pa; the homogenization temperatures at the retrograde alteration stage range from 356.2℃ to 428.6℃, the fluid salinity peak values range from 7.2% Nacl to 15.5%NaCl, the densities range from 0.52g/cm 3 to 0.83g/cm3, the metallogenic pressure ranges from 23.8×106 Pa to 29.7×106 Pa, and the metallogenic depth ranges from 0.90km to 1.12km with an average of 0.95km. These data indicate that the ore-forming fluid of the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit has the characteristics of high temperature, moderate-low salinity, and low density. Therefore, the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit is an epithermal skarn deposit. Composition analysis of grouped fluid inclusions indicates that gaseous composition is dominated by H2O and CO2, fol-lowed by small amounts of CH4, C2H6, N2 and H2S, the cations of liquid composition are dominated by Na+, Ca2+ and K+, and the an-ions are dominated by SO42- and Cl-. The results show that Cl-, SO42- and carbonate complexes played an important role in migration and enrichment of iron. The mixing of fluids of different origins and the evolution of pH might have been the dominant enrichment and precipitation mechanism of the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit.
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表 1 铁山铁铜矿床流体包裹体显微测温统计结果
Table 1. Microthermometric data of the fluid inclusions from the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit
主矿物 样品编号 成矿阶段 包裹体类型 包裹体个数 冰点 均一温度/c 盐度/%Nacl 密度/(g·cm-3) 压力/MPa 石榴子石 ZK9-1-1 进矽卡岩阶段 L+V 23 -13.4 ~ -14.9 508.1 ~ 594.8 17.26 ~18.55 0.45 ~ 0.61 59.0 ~ 90.6 L+V+S 5 — 513.8 ~ 532.8 57.54~58.78 0.31 ~ 0.35 — 石榴子石 ZK9-1-2 进矽卡岩阶段 L+V 21 -13.6 ~ -16.1 499.2 ~ 588.1 17.43 ~ 19.53 0.47 ~ 0.62 58.0~87.0 L+V+S 5 — 516.6 ~ 590.2 42.08~60.25 0.20 ~ 0.36 — 透闪石 JS-5-1 退化蚀变阶段 L+V 18 -4.6 ~ -11.5 382.1 ~ 426.3 7.31 ~ 15.47 0.61 ~ 0.74 25.5 ~ 27.5 透闪石 ZK6-1-5 退化蚀变阶段 L+V 19 -6.5 ~ -10.8 386.3 ~ 428.6 9.86 ~ 14.77 0.63 ~ 0.73 26.0 ~ 27.5 L+V+S 2 — 402.4 ~ 404.1 44.59 ~ 45.96 0.57 ~ 0.58 27.4 ~ 27.5 透闪石 ZK6-1-10 退化蚀变阶段 L+V 19 -6.1 ~ -9.6 356.2 ~ 410.2 9.34 ~ 13.51 0.65 ~ 0.76 23.9 ~ 27.1 L+V+S 1 — 395.2 43.34 0.59 0.59 透闪石 ZK12-1 退化蚀变阶段 L+V 18 -5.9 ~ -8.9 362.3 ~ 399.2 9.08 ~ 12.73 0.65 ~ 0.74 24.9 ~ 26.8 注:L-液相，V-气相; S-含石盐子晶；“—”表示未测出 
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表 2 铁山铁铜矿床流体包裹体气相成分分析结果
Table 2. Compositions of the gas phase in fluid inclusions from the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit
成分 ZK9-1-2 ZK9-1-4 ZK6-1-5 ZK6-1-10 ZK12-1 JS-5-1 石榴子石 透闪石 H2O 77.48 82.22 91.23 79.32 96.25 99.05 N2 0.949 0.845 0.145 0.249 0.046 0.071 Ar 0.189 0.146 0.037 0.024 0.004 0.022 CO2 20.55 16.11 8.374 20.17 3.639 0.783 CH4 0.689 0.576 0.198 0.214 0.057 0.064 C2H6 0.139 0.095 — — — — H2S 0.004 0.003 — — — 0.007 CO2/H2O 0.265 0.196 0.092 0.254 0.038 0.008 注:“—”为低于检出限，Ar的结果仅供参考
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表 3 铁山铁铜矿床流体包裹体液相成分分析结果
Table 3. Compositions of the liquid phase in fluid inclusions from the Tieshan Fe-Cu deposit
成分 ZK9-1-2 ZK9—1—4 ZK6—1—5 ZK6-1-10 ZK12—1 JS-5-1 石榴子石 透闪石 Cl- 6.18 1.05 4.86 5.73 3.18 3.33 SO42- 194 155 39.0 30.8 53.8 73.8 Na+ 52.5 36.3 23.8 9.9 42 19.1 K+ 18.1 17.6 — 1.44 — 21.1 Mg2+ 0.519 0.258 1.04 1.43 0.519 0.39 Ca2+ 22.9 19.1 17.6 19.4 9.6 0.687 注“—”为低于检出限
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