In the new era, social and economic development is faced with resource and environmental problems such as changes in resources and energy supply and demand, accelerated deterioration of geological environment and huge waste of resources. The existing geological work system is deficient in terms of theory and technology, survey factors and accuracy, professional division and talent group as well as practical utilization and evaluation of achievements. It is therefore urgent to establish the strategic position of the geological work in the new era and establish a new geological work system. Based on the national strategic level, this paper puts forward a new system of geological work in the new era, focusing on the long-term goals of natural resources development, protection, sustainable utilization and permanent green protection. It is made up of the earth system based theory, the multi-scale and full scale investigation system of the land and space, the evaluation system of the whole space resources and environment, the monitoring and warning and emergency rescue system of the trinity of air, ground and underground, and the geological information service system based on big data. Besides, new legal protection and supervision system, achievements identification and release sharing system as well as the central and provincial level three geological talent group systems should be established to meet the needs of geological work in the new era and provide favorable guarantee.