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摘要:
拉梅尔斯贝格矿床是中欧华力西期最重要的SHMS（以沉积岩为容矿围岩的块状硫化物）类矿床之一，位于莱茵海西期地体的上哈茨地块。该矿床形成于泥盆纪，矿体赋存于艾菲尔阶的威森巴赫页岩中，经华力西造山运动发生了强烈的变形。主要有新矿体、老矿体和富含重晶石的灰色矿体，主要硫化物矿物为黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铜矿。硫同位素数据显示，拉梅尔斯贝格矿床有2个硫源，一个是热液成因；一个是生物成因，来自细菌还原的海水中的硫酸盐。铅同位素说明，它的铅主要来自均匀的地壳。与其他SHMS类矿床相比，拉梅尔斯贝格矿床明显富铜。
Abstract:Located in the Upper Harz of Rhenohercynian terrane, the Rammelsberg deposit is one of the most important SHMS (sediment-hosted massive sulfide) deposits of the Variscan period in Central Europe. The deposit is hosted by the Devonian Eifelian Wissenbach shale, and the orebodies were intensely deformed by the Variscan oregeny. The main orebodies are composed of the old orebody, new orebody and the barite-rich gray orebody. The principal sulfide minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. The data of the sulfur isotopes show two sulfur sources for the Rammelsberg deposit, one was from the hydrothermal component, and the other was from the biogenic compontent bacterial reduction of sea water sulfate. The Pb isotopes show that the lead was de-rived from a homogeneous crustal source. Compared with the other SHMS deposits, the Rammelsberg deposit is relatively copperenriched.
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Key words:
- SHMS deposit /
- Rheno Hercynian terrane /
- Wissenbach shale /
- Rammelsberg /
- Germany
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表 1 拉梅尔斯贝格矿床与沉积型块状硫化物矿床特征对比(据参考文献[7]修改)
Table 1. Attributes of the sediments-hosted massive sulfide(SHMS)deposits compared with the observations at Rammelsberg
对比内容 沉积块状硫化物矿床 拉梅尔斯贝格矿床 形成环境 受断层控制的盆地内的沉积岩容矿。岩相和厚度横向上的变化反映了垂直构造运动和不同的沉降速率 哥斯拉尔海槽是以断层为边界的盆地，它与西哈茨隆起之间的沉积相和厚度有明显的变化。拉梅尔斯贝格位于西哈茨隆起和哥斯拉尔海槽之间的转折端附近 与盆地演化关系 矿化发生在盆地发展的后裂谷“热沉降”阶段 中泥盆统页岩序列是在后裂谷热沉降阶段沉积形成的 与岩浆活动关系 与岩浆活动在时间和空间上都有密切联系 哥斯拉尔海槽内的艾菲尔阶页岩序列中的辉绿岩岩床，含矿地层中见凝灰岩层 容矿围岩特征 容矿沉积岩：原地沉积岩是细碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩，它们都沉积在低能量环境中；异地沉积岩是在高能量环境中迅速沉积的粗碎屑岩、泥石流和砾岩，可能与同生沉积断裂活动有关 威森巴赫页岩序列中的页岩和粉砂岩反映了当时的低能量环境。局部的泥石流和松软沉积物变形 时代分布 沉积型块状硫化物矿床主要集中在中元古代和古生代 形成于泥盆纪 产出特征 块状硫化物矿化受层控产出，走向长达6km，厚度变化大。层状构造很常见 2个具有层状结构的块状硫化物矿体，一个层控重晶石矿体 筒状矿化特征 产出在块状硫化物下面的筒状矿化（脉、细脉和交代作用），可能为热液通道或者喷口 筒状矿化的Kniest带可能是层控块状硫化物的热液供给通道 品位和吨位 具有经济价值的矿体达到上千万吨的矿石量（一些元古宙矿床甚至有上亿吨矿石量），Zn+Pb品位大于10%，Cu通常并不重要 典型的具有经济价值的沉积型块状硫化物矿床，矿石储量27~30Mt，品位高，14%Zn+6%Pb，1%的Cu含量使其在沉积型块状硫化物矿床中也很少见 金属分带特征 Cu+Fe核靠近喷口，Pb和Zn分散在周围，在周边和/或者上覆有重晶石化 在块状硫化物中发现了Cu-Pn-Zn垂直分带，重晶石到处都有，但只在上覆的“灰矿”中富集 原生硫化物特征 原生硫化物主要为细粒闪锌矿-黄铜矿，并伴有磁黄铁矿和/或者黄铁矿，少量毒砂和黝铜矿 主要硫化物为黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铜矿，还有少量磁黄铁矿、毒砂、磁铁矿和黝铜矿 蚀变 常见硅化和碳酸盐化（主要为铁碳酸盐）。偶见电气石化、钠长石化、绿泥石化和绢云母化 Kniest微富集二氧化硅、绿泥石和钠长石。铁白云石是块状矿石的主要成分之一，菱铁矿脉也产在Kniest中 铅同位素特征 每个矿床中的铅同位素组成均一 拉梅尔斯贝格矿床的铅同位素组成均一 硫同位素特征 硫一般有2个来源：一个是热液来源，具有均一的δ34S值；另一个是生物还原海水硫，其δ34S值变化范围大。重晶石中的硫反映的是海水硫酸盐中的硫 拉梅尔斯贝格矿床中的硫有2种来源，一种是热液来源；另一种是生物成因，是细菌还原海水中硫 
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