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LiDAR技术在地质环境中的主要应用与展望

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马晓雪, 吴中海, 李家存. LiDAR技术在地质环境中的主要应用与展望[J]. 地质力学学报, 2016, 22(1): 93-103.
引用本文: 马晓雪, 吴中海, 李家存. LiDAR技术在地质环境中的主要应用与展望[J]. 地质力学学报, 2016, 22(1): 93-103.
shu
MA Xiao-xue, WU Zhong-hai, LI Jia-cun. LiDAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION AND PROSPECT IN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2016, 22(1): 93-103.
Citation: MA Xiao-xue, WU Zhong-hai, LI Jia-cun. LiDAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION AND PROSPECT IN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2016, 22(1): 93-103.
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LiDAR技术在地质环境中的主要应用与展望

  • 1.

    首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048

  • 2.

    中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081

  • 3.

    资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

  • 基金项目:
    中国地质调查局地质调查项目(1212011120163, 12120114002101);国家自然科学基金项目(41171009);中国地质科学院地质力学研究所基本科研业务费项目(DZLXJK201410)
详细信息
    作者简介: 马晓雪(1991-), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要从事3S技术与地学应用研究。E-mail:534611080@qq.com
    通讯作者: 吴中海(1974-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事第四纪地质和活动构造研究。E-mail:wzhh4488@sina.com

  • 中图分类号: P627

LiDAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION AND PROSPECT IN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

  • 1.

    College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

  • 3.

    Key Laboratory of 3-Dimensional Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 介绍了LiDAR激光探测与测距系统的组成和基本原理, 并对LiDAR技术在地质灾害、活动断裂、冰川及海岸线测绘等地质环境领域的国内外应用现状与进展进行了系统分析和总结, 对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。LiDAR系统集激光、GPS和惯性导航系统(Inertial Navigation System, INS)三种技术于一身, 能够快速、精确地获取地面目标的三维空间信息, 是继GPS空间定位系统之后又一项测绘技术新突破。LiDAR作为一种新型的遥感测量技术未来在自动、快速提取滑坡体、自动提取与断裂相关的微地貌结构信息、海岸带附近精细地物分类、海岸带调查以及潮间带生物多样性研究等方面具有很大的发展空间。

    Based on the composition and fundamental of LiDAR, we summarize its application status and progress in the field of geology, such as geological disasters, active faults, glaciers and coastline mapping, and prospect its application in the future. LiDAR system includes three technologies: laser, GPS and inertial navigation systems, which make a breakthrough in spatial mapping technology following GPS, it obtains three-dimensional information on ground targets quickly and accurately. As a new remote sensing technology, LiDAR will have great development in automatically extracting the landslides and the micro geomorphology structure information of faults. In addition, LiDAR will be widely used in terrain classification, coastal zone investigation and the study on biological diversity in intertidal coastal zone in the future.

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  • 图 1  机载LiDAR系统[2]

    Figure 1. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  机载LiDAR的基本原理

    Figure 2. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  基于Leica ALS50Ⅱ机载激光雷达获取的都江堰—汶川公路高分辨率DEM立体影像的滑坡解译结果[6]

    Figure 3. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  海原断裂微地貌形态和断层几何的高清晰度三维再现[13]

    Figure 4. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  富蕴地震地表破裂带及走滑位移分布图[15]

    Figure 5. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 6  Taylor Rock及Andrews冰川LiDAR DEM与USGS DEM的比较[19]

    Figure 6. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 7  基于机载LiDAR数据的自然岸线提取结果及推算岸线与“908专项”航空遥感海岸线叠加效果图[23]

    Figure 7. 

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    表 1  四种LiDAR系统的比较

    Table 1.  Comparison of four LiDAR systems

    LiDAR类型搭载平台常见LiDAR系统应用领域优势空间分辨率
    地面地面固定站点Leica公司的Cyrax；
    Optech公司的ILRIS-3D；
    RIEGL公司的各种产品    		林业调查；基础测绘；文化遗产保护；“数字城市”建设；工程测量；地质地貌调查监测快速获取小型的零件、商品，到文物、雕塑，再到大型的建筑、街道城市的三维信息cm或mm级
    车载汽车3D Laser Mapping系统；
    Street Mapper系统    		农田三维地形测量；铁路复测；区域边界层污染监测主要对地物的侧面进行激光扫描平面精度和垂直精
    度均10 cm以下
    机载飞机或直升机LeicaALS系列；Optech的ALTM系列；Falcon系列；LitterMaper系列带状目标地形图测量；城市三维建模；森林资源调查；水利；电力高速度、高性能、长距离、效率高、覆盖面积广，能获取高分辨率的地面信息m到cm级
    星载卫星主要是美国NASA发射的ICESat卫星上的GLAS激光雷达全球植被；极地冰川；云层和大气的研究运行轨道高、观测视野广，可以触及世界的每一个角落平面精度20 cm，垂
    直精度13.8 cm
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收稿日期:  2015-07-30
刊出日期:  2016-03-25

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