Lithium Mining Industry Innovation and Disruptive Technology under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality
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摘要:
锂矿无疑在当今和未来的新能源结构中占有重要地位，鉴于碳中和目标的紧迫性，世界各国主流机构都在加紧研究绿色减碳计划和实现路径。受全球强劲需求特别是新能源汽车的巨大拉动，锂矿产业发展十分迅猛，主要表现为以下几个特点：（1）全产业链兴起，探采选冶联盟化，上下游一体化；（2）资本竞争激烈，并购频繁；（3）受碳中和目标驱动，技术创新发展迅速。受国内碳中和碳达峰政策的推动，锂矿全产业链的技术创新主要呈现出以下趋势：重视不同类型锂矿的碳排放评价与碳中和方案研发；打破探采选冶研发、生产和利用环节壁垒，数据实现优化与共享；采选冶技术向绿色高效转型，火法向湿法转型，先进传感器等AI技术得以大范围使用。矿石锂矿和卤水包括但不限于盐湖等多元化的锂矿资源正在锐意推进绿色开发和利用。人工智能、先进传感器以及一些颠覆性技术会越来越多地出现在锂矿资源的开发利用中。中国具有深远的世界市场影响力，中国政府的碳中和目标具有世界标志性，中国企业在人工智能、先进传感技术以及新技术革命中已经崭露头角。先进技术的国际垄断将在中国技术的积极参与下令世界改观，从而改善全球气候问题和居住环境。
Abstract:Lithium resources undoubtedly occupy an important position in the current and future new energy structure. In view of the urgency of the carbon neutral goal, mainstream institutions around the world are stepping up research on green carbon reduction plans and implementation paths. Driven by strong global demand, especially new energy vehicles, the lithium mining industry has developed rapidly, which is mainly manifested in the following characteristics: 1. The rise of the entire industry chain, the alliance of exploration, mining, and smelting, and the integration of upstream and downstream; 2. Capital Fierce competition and frequent mergers and acquisitions; 3. Driven by the goal of carbon neutrality, technological innovation is developing rapidly. Driven by the domestic carbon neutral and carbon peak policy, the technological innovation of the whole industry chain of lithium mining mainly shows the following trends: Pay attention to the carbon emission evaluation of different types of lithium mines and the research and development of carbon neutralization programs; With the use of link barriers, data is optimized and shared; mining, dressing and smelting technology is transformed to green and efficient, fire method is transformed to wet method, and AI technologies such as advanced sensors are used on a large scale. Lithium ore and brine, including but not limited to salt lakes and other diversified lithium resources, are determined to promote green development and utilization. Artificial intelligence, advanced sensors and some disruptive technologies will increasingly appear in the development and utilization of lithium resources. China has far-reaching influence in the world market, the Chinese government’s carbon neutrality goal is a world-marker, and Chinese companies have emerged in artificial intelligence, advanced sensor technology, and new technological revolutions. The international monopoly of advanced technology will order a change in the world through the active participation of Chinese technology, thereby improving the global climate problem and the living environment.
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表 1 不同来源锂产品的温室气体排放、能耗和水耗比较[20]
Table 1. Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and water consumption of lithium products from different sources
锂来源 生产阶段 温室气体（GHG）排放 能源消耗 淡水消耗 卤水 锂浓缩 0.08-0.18g CO2e/吨锂精矿 1300- 2800 MJ/吨锂精矿 2.95- 7.30 m3/吨锂精矿 从锂精矿生产 Li2CO3* 2.7-3.1吨CO2e/吨Li2CO3 30,000-36,000 MJ/吨Li2CO3 15.5- 32.8 m3/吨 Li2CO3 锂精矿生产 LiOH•H2O 6.9-7.3吨CO2e/吨LiOH•H2O 76,600- 82,900 MJ/吨LiOH•H2O 31- 50 m3/吨LiOH•H2O 矿石 锂辉石提纯 ~0.42吨CO2e/吨锂辉石 5500 MJ/吨锂辉石 3.4 m3/吨锂辉石 锂辉石生产Li2CO3* 20.4吨CO2e/吨Li2CO3 218,000MJ/吨Li2CO3 77 m3/吨 Li2CO3 锂辉石生产LiOH•H2O 15.7吨CO2e/吨LiOH•H2O 187,200 MJ/吨LiOH•H2O 69 m3/吨 LiOH•H2O 数据来源：智利与澳大利亚。 
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