Mineral Features and Current Extraction Situation of Rare Earth Resources in Deep-sea Deposit
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摘要:
这是一篇矿业工程领域的文章。深海富稀土沉积物作为一种潜在的稀土资源，是陆地稀土资源的重要补充，预期会成为最先开发的深海矿产之一。本文分析了四个深海富稀土沉积物富集区（西太平洋富稀土沉积物富集区、东南太平洋富稀土沉积物富集区、中-东太平洋富稀土沉积物富集区和中印度洋海盆-沃顿海盆富稀土沉积物富集区），总结了深海稀土的基本资源特征（总储量大、分布差异大、主要赋存矿物为生物磷灰石等），并对目前分离和提取深海稀土主要采用的两种方法（酸浸-萃取分离技术和分级-浮选方法）进行了分析。结果表明，酸浸-萃取分离技术有着稀土元素回收率低、酸耗过大的缺点，而分级-浮选方法能够在低酸耗的情况下实现对沉积物中稀土元素的高效富集，是从深海富稀土沉积物中分离提取稀土资源的重要发展方向，最后据此给出了未来也需加强深海富稀土沉积物资源高效分级以及原位开采浸出技术等相关研发的建议。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of mining engineering. Deep-sea rare earth rich deposit, as a potential rare earth resource, are an important supplement to land rare earth resources and may become one of the first deep-sea minerals to be exploited. In this paper, four deep-sea REE rich deposit (REE rich deposits in the western Pacific Ocean, the southeast Pacific Ocean, the middle and east Pacific Ocean, and the Middle Indian Ocean basin-Wharton Basin.) are analyzed. This paper summarizes the basic resource characteristics of deep-sea rare earth rich deposit (such as large total reserves, large distribution differences, and the main occurrence mineral is biological apatite), and reviews two methods (acid leaching-extraction separation technology and separation-flotation method) used in the separation and extraction of deep-sea REE. The result shows that the acid leaching-extraction separation technology has the disadvantages of low recovery of REE and excessive acid consumption. The separation of sediment samples before flotation operation can achieve efficient enrichment of REE in deposit under the condition of low acid consumption, which is an important development direction to separate and extract REE resources from deep-sea REE rich deposit. Based on this, it is suggested to strengthen the research and development related to efficient classification of deep-sea REE rich deposit resources and in-situ mining and leaching technology in the future.
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Key words:
- Mining engineering /
- Deep-sea REE rich deposit /
- Biological apatite /
- Acid extraction /
- Flotation
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