Evolution in river regime in the South Passage of the Yangtze Estuary under new situation
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摘要:
随着长江流域来沙的锐减、河口涉水工程的建设、生态环境保护力度的加大和通航环境的高效利用，长江口河势将面临着新一轮的调整。以长江口南槽河床冲淤演变为研究对象，采用河床演变分析的方法对南槽近十年来多次水下地形和航道水深数据进行了分析，并对南槽航道治理一期工程效果进行了讨论。结果表明：2010—2018年，南槽主槽整体呈冲刷态势，江亚南沙头部窜沟冲刷发展，沙尾冲刷下延； 2018年至今，江亚南沙头部窜沟由冲刷环境转化为淤积环境，其他区域冲淤形势基本未变；南槽断面主槽形态总体稳定，在主槽总体冲刷背景下，“拦门沙”逐渐被削平，加上南槽航道治理一期工程的作用，南槽6 m以深河槽容积明显扩大，且保持较好的稳定性。近期南槽河势变化是流域来水来沙和河口自然、人类活动影响的综合结果，南槽航道治理一期工程对近期江亚南沙的地形变化起到了重要影响，工程有效地控制了江亚南沙河势，遏制了局部冲刷发展的趋势，有利于稳定南槽航道的北侧边界。
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关键词:
- 长江口 /
- 南槽 /
- 河势变化 /
- 南槽航道治理一期工程 /
- 江亚南沙
Abstract:With the sharp decrease of sediment flow in the Yangtze River basin, the construction of estuary foraging projects, the strengthening of ecological environmental protection, and the efficient utilization of navigation environment, the Yangtze River estuary is facing a new round of adjustment. Taking the evolution of the South Passage of the Yangtze River Estuary as the research object, the recent river regime changes of the South Passage were studied based on the underwater topography data and the channel water depth data of the South Passage in the past 10 years, and the effects of the first phase of the South Passage regulation project were discussed. Results show that the main channel of the South Passage presented a scouring trend as a whole from 2010 to 2018, and the tidal creek at the head of Jiangyanan Shoal developed and the tail of Jiangyanan Shoal were scoured down. The tidal creek at the head of Jiangyanan Shoal has changed from scour to siltation environment from 2018 to the present, while the scour and siltation situation in other areas remains unchanged. The shape of the main channel in the South Passage section is generally stable. Under the background of the overall erosion of the main channel, the "barrier gate sand" was gradually flattened. Coupled with the role of the first phase of the South Passage regulation project, the volume of the area in the depth greater than 6 m has been significantly expanded and maintained good stability. The recent change of the South Passage regime is the comprehensive outcome of the influences of water and sediment inflows, and estuarine natural and human activities. The first phase of South Passage regulation project has played an important role in the recent topographic changes in Jiangyanan Shoal. The project effectively controlled the river regime of Jiangyanan Shoal and restrayed the local scour development trend of Jiangyanan Shoal, which is conducive to stabilizing the north boundary of the South Passage channel.
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