Tethys orogenic belt
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摘要:
特提斯造山带，是欧亚大陆主要克拉通之间，洋壳俯冲消亡过程中包含的洋板块及微陆块，发生过强烈的构造搬运和构造混杂的构造（区）带。目前对特提斯（主要是原特提斯）的争议较大，本文综合利用前人构造地质、岩石学特征、构造年代学、生物古地理和板块运动学等最新成果，将特提斯造山带划分为元古代—古生代原特提斯造山带、晚古生代—三叠纪古特提斯造山带、三叠纪至新生代新特提斯造山带。原特提斯造山带，由中亚造山带（钦察弧）、乌拉尔造山带和秦-祁-昆造山带组成，中亚新元古代—古生代造山带是原特提斯主洋盆（古亚洲洋）弧盆系，乌拉尔新元古代—古生代造山带是原特提斯西部边缘弧盆系，秦-祁-昆新元古代—早古生代造山带是原特提斯东部（现南部）边缘弧盆系。古特提斯造山带，北界为断续分布的斯塔夫罗波尔-曼格什拉克-阿姆达利亚晚古生代缝合带—康西瓦（南昆仑）-阿尼玛卿-勉略（南秦岭）晚古生代缝合带，南界为高加索-赫拉特—澜沧江三叠纪缝合带，是丝绸之路晚古生代—三叠纪岩浆弧弧-弧碰撞（区）带。新特提斯造山带，位于古特提斯造山带南侧，南界为扎格罗斯缝合带（K2—E）—雅鲁藏布江缝合带（J3—E2），是中生代—新生代不同时间拼贴到劳（欧）亚大陆南缘的弧盆系。
Abstract:The Tethys orogenic belt is a tectonic zone between the main cratons of the Eurasian continent, consisting of multiple orogenic belts comprised of Ocean Plates and Microcontinents associated with subduction and disappearance of Oceanic crust, which involved strong tectonic movement and mixing. At present, the Tethys (mainly the Proto-Tethys) is in great dispute. In this paper, the Tethys orogenic belt is divided into the Proterozoic-Paleozoic Proto-Tethys orogenic belt, the late Paleozoic-Triassic Paleo-Tethys orogenic belt, and the Triassic-Cenozoic Neo-Tethys orogenic belt based on the latest achievements of predecessors in structural geology, petrology characteristics, tectonic chronology, biological paleogeography and plate kinematics. The Proto-Tethys orogenic belt is composed of the Central Asia orogenic belt (Kipchak arc), Ural orogenic belt and the Qin-Qi-Kun orogenic belt. The Central Asia Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic orogenic belt is the Proto-Tethys main ocean basin (Paleo Asian Ocean) arc basin system, the Ural Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic orogenic belt is the Proto-Tethys western marginal arc basin system, and the Qin-Qi-Kun Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic orogenic belt is the Proto-Tethys eastern (now southern) marginal arc basin system. The Paleo-Tethys orogenic belt is bounded by the discontinuous Stavropol-Mangeshlak-Amdalia late Paleozoic suture zone—Kangxiwar (South Kunlun) Anemaqen-Mianlue (South Qinling) late Paleozoic suture zone in the north, and the Caucasus-Herat—Lancang River Triassic suture zone in the south, which is the late Paleozoic-Triassic magmatic arc folding collision (area) zone of the Silk Road. The Neo-Tethys orogenic belt, located in the south of the Paleo-Tethys orogenic belt, is bounded by the Zagros suture zone (K2-E) - the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (J3-E2) in the south. It is an arc-basin system that was spliced to the southern margin of the Laurasia (Eurasian) continent in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic at different times.
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Key words:
- Tethys orogenic belt /
- Proto-Tethys /
- Paleo-Tethys /
- Neo-Tethys
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图 1 欧亚大陆蛇绿岩分布及板块构造区划图（根据Furnes and Safonova, 2019; Gaëlle Plissart, 2017; Xiao, 2015修编）
Figure 1.
图 5 古特提斯造山带（西部）构造特征（据Bakirov，1970；Natal'in and Şengör，2005修编）
Figure 5.
图 6 丝绸之路岩浆弧走滑碰撞示意图（据Natal'in and Şengör，2005修编）
Figure 6.
图 7 全球（特提斯）新元古代（
1000 ~570 Ma）板块构造演化图（Scotese，2022）Figure 7.
图 8 全球（特提斯）早寒武世（540 Ma）板块构造图（据Şengör，1996；Scotese，2022修编）
Figure 8.
图 9 全球（特提斯）晚寒武世（500 Ma）板块构造图（据Şengör，1996；Scotese，2022修编）
Figure 9.
图 10 全球（特提斯）晚奥陶世（445 Ma）板块构造图（据Şengör，1996；Scotese，2022修编）
Figure 10.
图 2 中亚造山带构造特征（据Şengör，1996修编）
Figure 2.
图 3 乌拉尔造山带构造区划图（据Zonenshain，1990；Ivanov，2013修编）
Figure 3.
图 11 全球（特提斯）晚志留世（420 Ma）板块构造图（据Şengör，1996；Scotese，2022修编）
Figure 11.
图 12 全球（特提斯）晚泥盆世（360 Ma）板块构造图（据Şengör，1996；Scotese，2022修编）
Figure 12.
图 13 全球（特提斯）晚石炭世（300 Ma）板块构造图（据Şengör，1996；Scotese，2022修编）
Figure 13.
图 14 全球（特提斯）晚二叠世（260 Ma）板块构造图（据Şengör，1996；Scotese，2022修编）
Figure 14.
图 15 全球（特提斯）中生代—新生代（251 Ma至今）板块构造演化图（Scotese，2022）
Figure 15.
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