New exploration progresses, resource potentials and prospecting targets of strategic minerals in the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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摘要: 当今世界处于百年未有之大变局中，各国对战略性矿产资源的需求显著增加。加强国内战略性矿产勘查，保障战略性矿产资源的安全供给，成为了目前的紧迫任务。东特提斯成矿域内的冈底斯-喜马拉雅造山系位于青藏高原南部边缘，是解剖和理解新特提斯洋俯冲消亡、亚洲-印度大陆碰撞与大规模成矿作用的关键地区。本文在综合分析高原南部冈底斯-喜马拉雅造山系地质构造演化与大规模成矿作用的基础上，对冈底斯、雅鲁藏布江和喜马拉雅等重点成矿带战略性矿产的种类与主要类型以及近年来的地质找矿工作取得的主要进展进行了系统总结，提出新生代以来大规模的壳幔相互作用与构造-岩浆演化过程导致了高原南部以铜、铬、金和铍稀有金属等为特色的战略性矿产资源高度富集，并认为该地区在我国急缺战略性矿产资源的资源配置中居重要地位，形成了驱龙-甲玛、朱诺、罗布莎、扎西康等多个大型矿集区，是建设我国未来战略性矿产资源接续基地的重点地区。通过对该地区各战略性矿产资源潜力的分析，提出了下一步找矿工作的重点和方向，除开展矿集区深部及外围找矿外，还应该加强新类型与新矿种的寻找。Abstract: In recent one hundred years, the world has been undergoing great changes and the demand for strategic mineral resources has increased significantly. At present, an urgent task for China is to strengthen domestic strategic mineral exploration and ensure the supply of strategic mineral resources safely. The Gangdise-Himalayan orogenic belt, located at the southern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the key area for understanding the subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust, and the continental collision and large-scale metallogenesis between Asian and Indian plates. With the aid of analysis of the geologic and tectonic evolution and large-scale mineralization of the Gangdise-Himalayan orogeny, this study has systematically summarized the main types of strategic minerals and the important progresses of mineral prospecting in key metallogenic belts in Gangdise, Yarlung Zangbo Suture zone and Himalaya. The large-scale crust-mantle interaction and tectonic-magmatic evolution since the Cenozoic have resulted in the high enrichments of strategic mineral elements such as Cu, Cr, Au and Be. The Gangdise-Himalayan orogenic belt will play an important role in the resource allocation of strategic mineral resources of China, and several large ore concentration areas such as Qulong-Jiama, Junuo, Luobusha and Zhaxikang, are delineated as the key areas for the construction of strategic mineral succession resources bases in China. The emphasis of the future exploration should be on the explaration of new ore types and new mineral species in the deeper levels of existing deposits and the peripheries of the ore concentration areas.
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