The carbonate ramp deposits from the Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang: sedimentary characteristics and their implications for petroleum exploration
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摘要: 塔里木盆地奥陶系蓬莱坝组广泛发育的白云岩是油气勘探的主要目标之一，储层的分布受沉积相控制作用明显，普遍认为蓬莱坝组沉积模式是弱镶边-局限台地的沉积模式。本文基于地震资料精细解释，结合野外露头与钻井岩相类型及发育特征分析，对沉积模式与相带展布特征进行研究，首次提出了蓬莱坝组为碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积的新认识，并探讨了其油气勘探意义。依据地震地层结构、地层厚度变化特征，以及岩相发育规律体现的颗粒滩普遍发育特征、岩性的分区性揭示的岩性变化受古地貌明显控制的特征，认为蓬莱坝组沉积时期为缓坡沉积环境，可分为内缓坡相、中缓坡相和外缓坡相，且具有中缓坡和内缓坡两种成滩背景。其中中缓坡高能颗粒滩平面上呈条带状在塔中北斜坡-顺南-古城地区及塔北南缘地区规模发育，是蓬莱坝组颗粒滩储层勘探的优选区。碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积新认识改变了传统的台缘礁滩勘探思路，拓展了勘探领域，对推动蓬莱坝组勘探具有重要的参考价值。Abstract: The dolostones widely developed in the Ordovician Penglaiba Formation are selected as one of the major targets for petroleum exploration in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. The distribution of the reservoir rocks is obviously controlled by the sedimentary facies. According to the seismic interpretation, outcrop and borehole data, the dolostones in the Penglaiba Formation are interpreted as the carbonate ramp deposits. The sedimentary model is manifested in the slightly rimmed-restricted platform model. Judged from the seismic-stratigraphic analysis and the variations of stratigraphic thickness, development of the oolitic shoals, and lithologic characteristics, the Penglaiba Formation is speculated to settle down in the ramp sedimentary environment composed of the inner ramp, middle ramp and outer ramp facies. The middle ramp and outer ramp facies are believed to be favourable for the development of the oolitic shoals. The widespread middle ramp high-energy carbonate shoals in the areas of northern Tazhong uplift, Shunnan-Gucheng zone and southern Tabei uplift are delineated as the favourable areas for petroleum exploration in the dolostone reservoirs in the Penglaiba Formation. The new information presented in this study may serve as a useful reference to the future petroleum exporation in the Penglaiba Formation in the Tarim Basin.
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