Abstract: This paper introduces ten items of major findings and new understandings with regard to the detection and study of the deep structure and tectonics of the Himalayas and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau obtained during the period of the INDEPTH project and elucidates the great significance of these findings and understands in the study of continental geodynamics and solution of practical problems.It is emphasized that the investigation of the Earth's deep interior is likewise fundamental geological survey and can make up for a lack of surface geological work and give a more complete concept the lithospheric structure and tectonics.Such investigation should be the main content of the deep-going development of future geologi-cal investigation and an inexorable trend.