Abstract: The paper tries to use the test method and replacement cost method to assess the risk of groundwater pollution through investigation of sewage discharge in the Shijiazhuang reach of the Hutuo River of. The results show that the groundwater in the study area has been polluted by sewage naturally stored and flowing in the Hutuo River. The area of polluted groundwater by point pollution sources and linear pollution sources in a time interval of 20 years are 4.86 and 16.41 km2 respectively, and the volumes of polluted groundwater are 22.45 million m3 and 105 million m3. With the replacement cost method, two schemes were used to calculate the potential economic losses to be ~208 million yuan and 70 million yuan respectively.