Abstract: In order to construct the groundwater exploitation and utilization model based on the benign ecological cycle, the authors comply with the principles of ecology and hydrogeology and use the method of combined ecological-hydrogeological investigation and remote-sensing quantitative analysis to study the characteristics of vegetation ecological distribution, vegetation evolutionary trend and influence factors over the past 30 years in the Northern Shaanxi Energy and Chemical Industry Base. Based on the aforesaid research, the authors have analyzed the relationships between the types of vegetation, roots of vegetation, vegetation index and burial depth of phreatic water. They ascertained the relationship between the depth of phreatic water and vegetation ecology, determined the phreatic water table threshold that impacts the vegetation ecology, and conducted zoning of sensitivity of vegetation eco-environmental effects to groundwater exploitation and advanced countermeasures for groundwater exploitation and utilization based on the benign ecological cycle.