Abstract: To protect the ecological environment is an urgency problem in the sustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater on the Ordos Plateau. Based on an understanding of the distribution characteristics of vegetational ecological communities and an analysis of the natural driving factors of the vegetation succession, the Ordos plateau is divided into four vegetation ecohydrogeological areas: bedrock platform, sand cover-bedrock, sand and sand beach. The results show that: the vegetation ecological distribution is controlled by the climate and landform factors and the vegetation ecological succession is controlled by the aeration zone and groundwater factors. The sand and sand beach vegetational ecological areas are closely related to groundwater and may serve as the target areas for the protection of vegetation ecology during groundwater exploitation.