This paper has concluded systematically different strategies adopted in Japanese oil and gas development when encountering different international market structure, and has put its focus on the function of Japanese resources management authorities for both oil&gas and metallic minerals, reserve system for oil and LPG, as well as the independent exploitation and energy diplomatic policy. Also the author gave a general introduction of the newly enacted “Japanese energy resource strategy”. Lastly, based on the current situation of oil&gas industry in China, some specific suggestions are put forward.