摘要:
通过实地调查和资料搜集,对丹麦日德兰半岛西海岸典型岸段的地貌类型和研究现状进行了总结。丹麦日德兰半岛西海岸岸线长度约为470 km,海岸类型可以分为无障壁海岸和有障壁海岸2大类。无障壁海岸以沙丘为主,并有海蚀崖,主要分布在斯卡恩(Skagen)到布劳万角(Blåøvands Huk);有障壁海岸地貌类型以障壁岛—潟湖、盐沼为主,主要分布在布劳万角到勒姆岛(Rømø),并向南进入德国。丹麦西海岸北部属于冰后期地壳回弹上升区,向南地壳回弹幅度逐渐减弱,至Ringkøbing峡湾地区变为地壳稳定区,再向南地壳变为下降区,因此,全新世地层中分别记录了不同的相对海面变化信息。距今7 150 a以来,北部的Skagen岬角地区的相对海面下降了16~25 m;Skallingen地区过去5 000 a间海面在现代海面附近波动,其后侧Ho Bugt盐沼地区4 000 a以来相对海面上升了4 m;过去8 000 a间,Rømø障壁岛的相对海面上升了15 m。欧洲学者在丹麦西海岸地区取得的典型成果包括:海面变化重建(包括海面变化标志点、泥炭层压实校正、定年等)、全新世地质环境演化、开放潮坪现代沉积定量研究等,为海岸带研究提供了有益参考。
Abstract:
Based on field observation and data collection, the typical landforms and the current research status of the west coast of Jutland, Denmark were summarized. The results show that the west coastline of Jutland, is 470 km long. There are two major types of coast, non-barrier coast and barrier coast. The non-barrier coast mainly consist of dunes with part of sea cliffs, distributed from Skagen to south Blåvands Huk; The barrier coats mainly consist of barrier island-lagoon and salt marsh, distributed from Blåvands Huk to south Rømø barrier island and further extended southward to the boundary with Germany. The northwest coast of Jutland is uplifting owing to the past glacial rebounding, The uplifting activity weakens gradually southward, and ceased in the Ringkøbing Fjord region, then turns to subsiding to the south. Therefore, different Holocene relative sea level information were recorded. Since 7 150 cal yrs BP, when the relative sea level dropped 16~25 m in Skagen; in Skellingen, the relative sea level has remained stable around the modern sea level. The relative sea level has raised for 4 m in the salt marsh in the east of Ho Bugt during the last 4 000 years, and about 15 m during the last 8 000 years in barrier island of Rømø. Local researches have been carried out on reconstruction of sea level changes (sea level index point, auto-compaction of peat layer, dating, etc.), Holocene evolution of the geological environment, modern open tidal quantitative deposition monitoring on the west coast of Jutland, and provided useful references for coastal research.
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