摘要:
有孔虫对生存环境具较高敏感性,能快速对环境变化作出反应,逐渐被作为一种环境污染的生物指示器。最近几十年,在许多受工业、农业、生活污水及其他各类化学物质污染的区域都开展了有孔虫与环境变化关系的研究。在污染条件下,有孔虫种群规模缩小、种群数量减少,个体发生形态畸变,一些敏感性属种迅速减少,甚至消失。虽然有孔虫也可能产生抗性以适应污染的环境,但是这种适应是以丧失种群的遗传变异性为代价的。环境污染对有孔虫的影响体现在样品的畸变指数、分异度、丰度等指标方面,另外,污染还会引起有孔虫壳体高度黄铁矿化及单一无性生殖等反应。有孔虫对环境污染的这些敏感反应对海洋环境污染及整个海洋生态系统变化的监测具有一定的指示意义。
Abstract:
Benthic foraminifera are sensitive to environmental pollution and have been used as environmental bio-indicators,especially in a polluted environment.In the past decades,the studies of environmental changes and their effects on benthic foraminifera have been undertaken in some areas polluted by industrious,agricultural,and various chemical pollutants as well as domestic sewages.Data suggest that the pollution of environments may cause strong responses from benthic foraminifera,such as decreasing in community structure and numbers,morphological deformities,and even extinction of some sensitive species.Although foraminifera may,to some extent,adapt to the polluted environment,but this adaptation is at the cost of genetic variability.Environmental pollution will effect foraminifera in many aspects,such as the Foraminiferal Abnormality Index (FAI),the Foraminiferal Monitoring Index(FMI),bio-diversity and abundance in an area.Pollution,on the other hand,will also lead to a high degree of pyritization of the tests of foraminifera,preferential reversion to asexual reproduction and so on.In this regard,foraminifera could be used as a powerful proxy for monitoring the quality of marine environments and ecosystems.
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