摘要:
海底峡谷作为海洋中油气勘探的重要指示器和富集场所,研究其复杂的水动力系统变得十分重要。海底峡谷中水动力系统包括了重力流、浊流、潮汐/内潮汐、内波、底层流、上升流和高密度陆架瀑布流(Dense Shelf Water Cascading)等要素,与峡谷外有明显的不同。首次从海底峡谷水动力系统的综合概况出发,研究了水动力作用对峡谷的侵蚀、沉积物的搬运与沉积以及特殊生态系统的塑造,总结分析了峡谷中水动力系统的主要研究手段。结果表明,海底峡谷中的水动力作用由于成因不同,各自的表现特征也不一样;重力流、内潮汐、上升流等水动力作用对峡谷的形态地貌、物质搬运以及生态系统的影响较为显著;对于常用的4种水动力系统的研究方法而言,其研究背景各不相同,且存在一定的局限性。本文为我国海底峡谷水动力系统的研究起到了一定的指导作用。
Abstract:
As an important indicator and accumulation space of marine oil and gas, the submarine canyon (SC) is an important subject in marine oil and gas exploration for the time being, especially its hydrodynamic system. The hydrodynamic system includes gravity flow, turbidity current, tides/internal tides and wave, bottom currents, upwelling and Dense Shelf Water Cascading, et al. They are obviously different from the systems out of the canyon. We discussed in this paper the hydrodynamic elements and their impacts on submarine erosion, sediment transport and sediment deposition as well as the unique ecosystem as a force. Major research means are also discussed. The results show that the consequences of the hydrodynamic processes mentioned above are different due to their different origin. Forces, such as gravity flow, internal tide and upwelling current, affect canyon’s topography, sediment transport and ecosystem in different manner, and the four study methods for hydrodynamic study all have their own limitations.
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