PERSPECTIVES OF SUPERCONTINENT CYCLE AND GLOBAL PLATE RECONSTRUCTION
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摘要: 当前Columbia、Rodinia和Pangea 3个超级大陆的重建虽然有很多研究进展,其结构和轮廓逐渐清晰和明朗,但在超大陆旋回和机制上还存在巨大争论。迄今,全球板块重建趋势是:随着大板块位置基本得到约束,使得原来未被重视的小微地体群或超级地体(superterrane)的重建得到高度重视,且重建模型的精细化和区域化依然是各学科研究的热点和前沿领域。另外,在太古代早期31亿年左右可能存在最早的超大陆Vaalbara,太古代末期27~25亿年左右也可能存在一个Kenorland超大陆,但迄今证据模糊,依据不足,轮廓不清;未来2.5亿年后的Amasia超大陆预测模型也得到快速发展;超大陆旋回确定、超大陆中心预测和超大陆旋回的动力机制等也引起了广泛重视,是板块构造理论发展中的重大成果之一。近10年来,板块重建越来越深入,称为发展板块构造理论的突破点,且逐渐显露出一些新的研究领域和学科生长点,例如开始了古环流、古气候、古泥沙输运、古流体运聚的数值模拟,从单一层圈块体位置变迁和构造运动重建走向多圈层地质-地球物理-地球化学过程耦合和循环的重建。这些新趋势都依赖计算机软硬件技术的发展,硬件方面计算性能的提升,各种高性能工作站、超级计算机和超算技术等缩短了模拟重建的时间;软件方面,GIS等发展使得各种全球数据库技术发展迅速,高度集成,大数据时代催生了新一代板块重建成果,板块重建技术也愈来愈先进,从三维逐渐走向四维,从几个静态场景重建走向动态连续演化重建,从大板块重建逐渐精细化,现今主要侧重在小微陆块的集结过程的重建,也开始注意到已经消失殆尽的古大洋内部海山、高原和洋内俯冲细节的重建。我国在板块重建领域跟踪成果多,创新开拓性成果较少,较为亮点的是:1978年李春昱为首的群体重建了欧亚板块格局演变,2002年ZHAO Guochun在国际上首次提出Columbia超大陆图像,陈旭院士群体2009年出版了基于古气候的全球板块重建。但随着新一代科技革命,中国多学科交叉太弱,创新性不强,无长期支持体制机制支持一个团队在一个方向长久发展,在急功近利的项目驱动下,板块重建再度处于跟踪国际重建技术的状态。建议在大数据时代建立"地球系统模拟与板块重建"的板块重建协同创新中心,挖掘中国在国际地学研究中的潜力。Abstract: The recent efforts made to the reconstruction of supercontinents of Columbia, Rodinnia and Pangea have achieved great progress though there remain debates on the cycle and mechanism of the supercontinent. As the positions of large plates are basically fixed, some previously ignored micro-terranes or superterranes have attracted attention from the researchers. Fine reconstruction is still a hot spot or frontier of various research programs. In addition, the 3.1 Ga old Vaalbara supercraton and a 2.7~2.5 Ga old Kenorland supercontinent are proposed though there is lack of enough evidence and their outlines are vague for the time being. The Amasia supercontinent after 250 Ma in the future is under discussion and some predictive models have been proposed. Questions, such as the supercontinent cycle, supercontinent center, supercontinent dynamic mechanisms have also attracted interests from scholars. During the past 10 years, more in-depth plate reconstruction has brought about the breakthroughs in the development of plate tectonics theory and become the growing points of new disciplines, for examples, the reconstruction of paleo-circulation, paleoclimate, paleosystem of sediment transportation, the numerical simulation of the paleoflow system, and the reconstruction from a single-sphere changes in block positions and tectonic movement towards a multisphere reconstruction of geological-geophysical-geochemical cyclicity and coupling processes. These new trends owe their origin to the application and development of the technology of computer hardware and software, as well as the improvement of computing methods. A variety of high-function workstations, supercomputers and supercomputing technology shortens the reconstruction time. As the development of software, GIS and others have made great contributions to the rapid development of global database results. More and more advanced technology has been adopted, such as the technology to extend 3D to 4D, to change the individual static scenerios to continuous dynamic evolution, and to extend large plates to small microterranes. Instead of the reconstruction of supercontinent based on the assembling of micro-continental blocks, detailed reconstruction of oceanic seamounts, plateaus and intra-oceanic subduction zones inside the disappeared paleoceans has become the focus of supercontinent reconstruction. In China, the reaearch of supercontinent reconstruction has gaiend great achievements in the past years. The group led by Li Chunyu reconstructed configuration and reestablished the assembly processes of the Eurasian Plate in 1978, ZHAO Guochun et al. are the first who proposed the configuration of Columbian supercontinent in 2002, and CHEN Xu devoted to the supercontinent reconstruction based on global paleoclimatic data in 2009. However, multidisciplinary coorperation in China remains too weak to catch up the development abroad. We need more innovation and long-term institutional support for the endeavor. In this regard, we suggest that a collaborative innovation center on "Earth system modeling and plate reconstruction" be established to speed up the work of paleo-supercontinent reconstruction in China.
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Key words:
- plate reconstruction /
- supercontinent cycle /
- Columbia /
- Rodinia /
- Pangea
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