FORM CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBSTANCE CONSTITUENTS OF SUSPENDED MATTERS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY AREA AFTER THE FIRST-STAGE STORAGE OF THE THREE GORGES PROJECT
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摘要: 2003年6月1-10日为长江三峡工程一期蓄水期,为了研究长江三峡工程蓄水对长江口环境的影响,2003年6月15-25日组织了长江口及其邻近海域环境综合调查,对该次调查所取得的悬浮体样品进行了显微观察和X射线衍射测定,分析了不同水体中悬浮体颗粒的形态特征和物质组成。结果表明:从徐六泾到长江口邻近海域,悬浮体颗粒形态特征不同,徐六泾至南支主槽,悬浮体颗粒以单颗粒为主;拦门沙最大浑浊带,悬浮体颗粒以大絮团、团状絮团和絮网为主;长江口邻近海域,悬浮体颗粒以有机质絮团和单颗粒并存为主。长江口区悬浮体矿物颗粒主要以粒状或片状形式存在。悬浮体矿物颗粒主要由石英、长石等碎屑矿物和黏土矿物组成。从河道到长江口外的邻近海域,石英和长石含量逐渐降低,伊利石和绿泥石含量逐渐增加,高岭石含量先降低后增加。与蓄水前相比,蓄水后徐六泾附近小絮团数量有所增加,蓄水前后拦门沙和长江口邻近海域悬浮体形态特征和长江口地区悬浮体物质组成并未发生明显变化。Abstract: The first-stage storage of the Three Gorges Project started on 1 of June 2003 and ended on 10 of June of the year. In order to investigate the influences of the Three Gorges Project(TGP) on the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent area environment, a cruise was carried out to synthetically study the environment from 15 to 25 of June 2003. In this paper, form characteristics and substance constituents of suspended matters in different waters are discussed based on micro-examination and X-ray diffraction of suspended matter samples. Study results show that the form characteristics of suspended matters vary largely from Xuliujing to Yangtze River estuary adjacent area. Most of suspended matters are single particles from Xuliujing to the south branch, while there are many flocculent particles near the river mouth bar, where exists the turbidity maximum. The flocculent particles are characteristic of agglomerates, big agglomerates and reticulate agglomerates. In the Yangtze River estuary adjacent area, some suspended matters are single particles, and others are organic agglomerates. Most of suspended mineral particles are granulose and platy. Suspended mineral particles are composed of detrital mineral, such as quartz and feldspar, and clay mineral. From riverway to Yangtze River estuary adjacent area, the contents of quartz and feldspar decrease, the contents of illite and chlorite increase and the content of kaolinite first decreases and then increases. Generally, the morphologic features and substance constituents of suspended matters in the estuary and adjacent areas after the TGP storage showed no significant changes compared to those before the storage, although the number of small flocculent particles at Xuliujing increased after the TGP storage.
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