Determination of types and contents of minerals included in soft soil using microscopic experiments
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摘要: 土中矿物成分的类型与含量是软土物理力学性质研究的基础，可以使用微观试验进行研究。本次研究以上海软土为例，使用X射线荧光（XRF）分析得到土中不同元素的含量，使用X射线衍射（XRD）分析和XRF分析得到了晶质矿物的类型，根据元素含量和矿物类型得到不同矿物的含量，对不同土层中矿物含量的分布特征进行了分析。结果表明，上海软土主要矿物中的元素为O，Si，Al，Fe，C，K，Mg，Ca和Na；所有土层中，元素含量最多的是O，其次是Si，主要矿物成分为石英、钠长石、方解石、白云石、伊利石、鲕绿泥石和黑云母，石英的含量最高、含量为35.8%~50.8%，其它矿物的含量均不超过21%；黏性土中，元素Al要略多于砂性土或粉性土，伊利石和鲕绿泥石含量明显高于砂性土或粉性土，钠长石和方解石含量要明显小于砂性土或粉性土。研究结果对从微观上研究不同土的物理力学性质有一定的参考价值。Abstract: The types and contents of minerals in the soft soil is a fundamental issue in investigating the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, which can be obtained by conducting the micro experiments. In this study, the soft soil in Shanghai is taken as an example, and the element contents in the soil are obtained using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrum. The types of the crystalline minerals are obtained by combining with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XRF analyses. The mineral contents are thereafter obtained according to the element contents and mineral types. Distributions of different mineral contents in the soft soil are further analyzed. The results show that the elements of the soft soil in Shanghai are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, ferrum, carbon, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium. In all of the soil layers, the maximum content of the elements is oxygen followed by silicon, and the included minerals are quartz, albite, calcite, dominate, illite, chamosite and biotite with the quartz content ranging from 35.8% to 50.8% and others less than 21%. In the cohesive soils, the percentage of aluminum and the contents of illite and chamosite are greater than others included in the sandy or silty soils with a contrary way for the contents of albite and calcite. The results presented herein may provide references in investigating the physical and mechanical properties of the soils in a micro level.
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Key words:
- soft soil /
- mineral type /
- mineral content /
- microscopic experiment
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